Research On The Changes Of Urban Preschool Education Supply System Since The Reform And Opening Up

Since China's reform and opening up, the contradiction of supply for preschool education has become sharpened, and which highlights the irrationality of supply institution of preschool education. Fortunately, some new changes have appeared in the supply institution since 2010. However, it is still an open question if the supply institution can change follow an ideal direction. Therefore, this research applies the New Institutional Economics theory to examine closely why the supply institution changes in a particular way and which may help to understand as well as analyzing the change of urban preschool education supply institution, and also to put forward some suggestions on the improvement of preschool education supply institution.The change process of supply institution of preschool education in urban areas is restored by collecting literature data, and a survey is also used to improve the understanding of this process. The research is mainly focused on three questions, a)what is the change process of 1979-2009 supply institution of preschool education in urban areas; b) why does it change in this way; c) how could it change in an ideal direction.Firstly, this study finds that the change of supply institution can be described as a process from an authoritative single supply institution to a market leading multiple one, and the change process of supply institution has three characteristics. Seen from the speed of change, it is an incremental change process, during which the stock change is driven by incremental change. Seen in terms of the mode of change, both induced change and imposed change act on the process of supply institutional change.And from the nature of change, it is a process from Pareto improvement to non-Pareto improvement.Secondly, the dynamic mechanism of supply institutional change is discussed based on the perspective of cost-benefit, and all of the analysis is under the assumption of bounded rational people in New Institutional Economics theory. To facilitate the analysis, the city supply institutional change is divided into three parts,namely the re-legalized private supply, the market leading supply, and the marketization of Danwei supply. Analyses show that the change of economic institution is the incentive of institution change, and the revenue maximization of government, Danwei and main microscopic body of market is the fundamental force of institutional change, and it is the preference, power. and interests of the game that determine the direction of institutional change, The government is the most important part during this process.Thirdly, the path dependence of institutional change is analyzed to explain why the irrational institution can exist for a long time. It finds that, for one thing, the path dependence of institutional change results from the unthoroughly change of authoritative single supply institution, and the main reason is that interest groups stick to old institution, and this is mainly manifested in two aspects: the legacy of accessing resources within a particular identity in a Danwei supply institution mode, and the immovability of indefinable property right in a collective supply institution mode. For another, the path dependence of institutional change results from the de-normalization of institution change, and the main reason is that interest groups take more consideration of their own when promoting institutional change, and this is mainly manifested in two aspects: the government excessively dependence on the market supply, and the continuous weakening of voluntary supply.Lastly, the evolution of institutional change is reflected, and some improvement suggestions are proposed. It finds that the procedure of institution change exist injustice, and this is mainly manifested in three aspects, a) the cost and benefit is unbalanced during the process of institutional change; b) the demanders of supply institution are marginalized; c) the government takes more consideration of their own benefits. Accordingly, this research believes that if we want to promote the change of supply institution to the ideal direction, we should provide a good institutional environment for the change of supply institution, and then the government should take the responsibility of interest coordination, and pay more attention on the compensation of victim. Besides, the participation degree of parents, the academic community and teachers should be promoted to ensure their profits.