| The prevention of crime is a long-lasting problem for human beings. It cannot be prevented by punishment and deterrence of criminal law, reasonably and effectively.Whereas it must be considered and solved. Starting from Noddings' Caring Theory,this paper treats the caring as a kind of relationship. Meanwhile, this paper also explores the methods to prevent the juvenile delinquency from the perspective of ontology, insisting on the principle of combining history with reality, fact with value,theory with practice, and using the theory and empirical methods to carry out this research.Caring is the problem of origin and value setting for juvenile crime prevention. It is the most important and most fundamental problem on the noumenon in the prevention of juvenile crime.Thus, growth of the adolescents should be cared,establishment of the caring relationship should be paid attention to, and the transfer of adolescents' position from the object of caring to the subject of caring should be emphasized. Only through caring the youth and cultivating their caring quality, namely the right cognition of caring, deep experience for caring, good willpower for caring,noble ideal for caring and excellent ability for caring, can we fundamentally solve the unbreakable limitation of Control Theory, Differential Association Theory, and Social Disorganization Theory. This paper consists of three main parts.The first part is on the prevention of juvenile delinquency: that is, to treat the caring as its ontology and seek the theoretical tools. The previous research in this field just emphasized the external control, such as punishment and education, and neglected the subjective consciousness. In order to express the thinking of this question, this paper will elaborate the theory of caring, and think of caring as the core concept and noumenon of juvenile delinquency prevention.The second part is empirical study. This study takes the juvenile as caring subjects to explore the relationship between caring quality of the youth and their dangerous behavioral tendencies with questionnaires, to investigate the effect of caring moods on the youth's moral judgment with experiments, to analyze the relationship of caring and juvenile delinquency with interviews. The Empirical Study on the caring noumenon for the prevention of juvenile delinquency is one of the innovative points and emphasis of this paper. In the empirical study, there are both investigative study and experimental study. First of all, as for the investigative study, we carried out a wide range of investigations and quasi laboratory experiments for the youth between 11 and 25 years old. In the questionnaire survey, 1023 normal adolescents and 463 juvenile offenders were tested by the scale of caring for the adolescents, risk behavior questionnaire for adolescent, self-control scale for adolescent and questionnaire for general situation.Moreover, variance analysis, correlation analysis, mediating effects, regulatory effect and other methods for statistical processing were done by SPSS22.0 software and AMOS 5.0 software. What's more, the status quo for the youth's caring, risk behaviors disposition of adolescents, and self-control of adolescent are discussed. It was discovered on this basis that caring can directly predict the risk behavior disposition for adolescent, and can also indirectly affect the behavior disposition through self-control, thus constructing a model of control--prevention for prevention of juvenile crime.As for ERP EEG data, the negative slow wave of P2 and 250-450 were chosen to be analyzed, and the results showed that under the condition of subliminal emotion priming, the wave amplitude of caring emotion priming was significantly larger than the neutral emotion group and control group. Besides, the wave amplitude of the moral vocabulary was significantly higher than that of the immoral vocabulary for the youth of all types on the factor of P2. On the negative slow wave, the amplitude of caring emotion for ordinary male adolescents was significantly higher than that of the neutral emotion group, and the amplitude of the caring priming for common female adolescent and the special adolescent was greater than that of the neutral emotion group, but the difference was not significant. The amplitude of moral vocabulary in the caring for the juvenile delinquents was significantly higher than that of the neutral emotion group. It was discovered from the ERP comparative study of moral judgment under the caring for the youth of different types on CPZ electrode that the amplitude induced by caring for special youth was the lowest, and the amplitude for the caring emotion of ordinary male adolescents was the highest on the factor of P200. The amplitude for the moral judgment of the average male adolescents and the special male adolescents under the caring emotion priming was significantly higher than that of the neutral emotion group.On the negative slow wave, the amplitude induced by both the average male and female adolescent under caring emotion priming were less than that of the neutral emotion group. As for the factor of negative slow wave in the incubation period, peak latency of immoral vocabulary judgment for the special youth was significantly larger than the female youth, and peak latency of immoral vocabulary for special youth was significantly larger than that of the moral vocabulary judgment. In short, no matter through behavior experiment or cognitive neuro-science experiments, it was found that the emotion of caring significantly affect the judgment of moral vocabulary and moral story judgment, and the emotion of caring played an important role in the whole process of moral judgment, and had different effects on teenagers and special adolescents.In the interview study, the method of interview is used to record the impact of caring on juvenile delinquency. It was found that caring was the way through which the adolescent can feel their existence, and it was also the source for self-existence and the sense of value. Caring is a kind of relationship, and the adolescent are the objects,as well as the subjects of caring. The prevention of juvenile delinquency begins with caring and eventually came to caring. The caring relationship is the most important problem that should be focused on in the prevention of juvenile delinquency.Study on the countermeasure and suggestions for the prevention of juvenile delinquency are the fourth part of the paper, and it is also the innovative point of the study. Taking into account the results of theoretical study and empirical study, this paper puts forward the caring system of three levels, six defense lines and three strategies in the prevention of juvenile delinquency. In the general prevention, the author puts forward the specific strategies for developing the module for caring,establishing the base for caring, constructing the campus for caring, setting the model for caring, and establishing the schools and classes for caring. In the prevention of potential juvenile delinquency, establish the monitoring caring system for risk behavior of adolescent, attach importance to the lack of attention for the children in terrible environment, construct assistance mechanism for youth in high risk, and build up caring prevention programs for youth in high risk. In the prevention of recommitting crime, establish the concept of caring education, improve the risk assessment caring system, and innovate the caring education model. In the six defense lines, mental caring is the basis and prerequisite for the prevention of juvenile delinquency.Moreover, the quality of psychological life for the youth should be improved, the positive psychological quality of young people should be shaped and positive psychological counseling should be carried out. The defense line of moral caring is the key and core of juvenile delinquency prevention, and it helps to improve the awareness level for the caring to youth, enhance the care experience for the youth, exercise the willpower for the youth in caring, and develop the ability for the youth to care. The defense line of judicature caring is the safeguard for juvenile crime prevention, and it helps to improve the general protection mechanism of juvenile justice and perfect the special protection mechanism of juvenile justice. As family caring is the first line of defense against juvenile delinquency, law on family caring education should be developed, family caring service system should be established, big family caring database should also be established, and the website or project on parenting caring should be set up. As school caring is the second line of defense against juvenile delinquency, the goal of caring for personality education should be set up, and a caring relationship between teachers and students should be established, and caring projects should be developed. As social caring is the third line of defense against juvenile delinquency, immigrated youth should be cared for, juvenile delinquency area should be paid attention to, and the street corner society should also be cared about. The six defensc lines constituted a three-dimensional care system for juvenile delinquency prevention. In the specific strategy, the strategies of development-typed caring,situational caring, and multi-agency collaboration caring should be employed in achieving value setting of the youth, the ones that should be cared, in the prevention of juvenile delinquency based on caring.This paper will transfer the starting point for the prevention of juvenile delinquency from administrative and legal means to the physiological and educational aspects. Thus, transfer the focus of prevention for juvenile delinquency from external mechanism to the internal mechanism. By putting the caring education at the center of juvenile delinquency, it is emphasized that caring is the starting point, and the fundamental for juvenile crime prevention. As it break through the simplified thinking concerning social control of previous studies, return to the true nature of crime prevention,and the highlighted the "human nature" of crime prevention,it creates a new outlook for the prevention of juvenile crime. |
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