A Study On The Changes Of Wushu Education In Schools (1915-2015)

The study of educational change has become the subject of educational research because it aims to study the issues of change and to reveal the changing laws and trends.Beginning in 1915,the Ministry of Education has issued a martial arts education school has been a hundred years,all the way bumpy journey,after a different background,the mark of the brand.In other words,in the modern martial arts reform,school martial arts as a unique cultural and cultural venues of different times is also the unique role of advancing with the times.Qing Dynasty Gong Zizhen in the "history" in the words: "out of history,into the road;want to know the way,we must first history." For centuries,both historical and academic practice is to check,summarize,sum up a development of the size of the preferred node of things.Meandering history,the dynamic development of education,we must truly understand the dilemma and difficulties of contemporary martial arts education,must be in the development and transformation of this century was cut.As Fei Xiaotong's "three-dimensional moment" embodied in the history of the past,today,the future of the three is the history of continuous,intertwined dynamic changes.This is now to master,we must review the past,only look to the future.Therefore,according to the purpose of educational history research,under the guidance of historical data of the literature,we will return to the stage of history,compare the development and change of martial arts education in the Republic of China for centuries,and criticize historical gains and losses on the basis of ups and downs.On the basis of grasping the history of gifts,to seek the development of contemporary school martial arts education.Based on education,history,culture,politics,philosophy,anthropology,sociology,physical education and so on based on educational reform,long history,cultural conflict,body,body aesthetics,rituals and other disciplines.Many years of school martial arts education,development and even changed the system of combing and staging,summed up the characteristics of school martial arts education in the long term stage,school martial arts education in several major aspects of the three long changes in time to consider one by one,as indicators and refraction Points,and further reflects the overall changes in school martial arts education,as well as school martial arts education in the multi-dimensional analysis and exploration of changes.On the basis of summing up the historical experience of Wushu education reform,combining with the problems and challenges of the development of martial arts education in contemporary schools,this paper puts forward the reform strategy of future development of martial arts education.Through research to form the following main conclusions:First of all,Because of the traditional body culture in the early days of the people into the school as a means of education,in addition to 1903 Gui Mao school system and 1922 school reform in the gymnastics and school physical education curriculum set up both In the first place,the social crisis in the education to save the country,the importance of individual physical and mental health,national security in the armed forces and national and cultural conflicts in the nationalism and other cognitive and ideological trends can be described as the school martial arts educationindispensable factorsSecondly,In the conflict of Chinese and Western sports culture,the martial arts education in the centuries is showing the overall developmental characteristics of self-esteem and contradiction,attachment and imitation,consciousness and return in the Republic of China and New China after three years of reform and opening up.Thirdly,View the Changes of Wushu Education in the Past Three Perieds.focus on the school martial arts education ontology,found that:1)Educational thinking in the gradual rationalization of instrumentalism has the military national education thought,sports martial arts education thought,physical and mental health education thought change and sublimation;2)Teaching content selection from traditional boxing,Ma Liang new martial arts,Martial arts fighting to the new China's modern sports martial arts model,to combat the reform and opening up after the combination of martial arts and cultural martial arts,return to boxing mode,to restore the changes in martial arts;3)Teachers constitute a civil boxer,martial arts social organization Training teachers and teachers and institutions of higher education institutions to cultivate a variety of channels to a small number of folk martial arts into the school and most of the normal colleges and universities and sports graduates and other teachers to the reform and opening up all from the normal colleges and universities Physical education institutions of sports graduates and call for martial arts teachers into the folk folk songs,hired folk boxers education vision and aspirations of the changes;4)Teaching methods,although the rich,but its change is not large,by the Republic of China traditional mouth Granting Ma Liangxin martial arts group coexistence,to the new China,and even reform and opening up,teaching methods in the development is still not beyond the Ma Liang model.5)Talents training,with the development of disciplines and professional development and improvement of personnel training specifications are getting higher and higher,the quality is getting better and better,more and more diverse types of changes.The forth,macro school martial arts education in three long periods of time: the value orientation has a "social standard ? subject level ? personal standard" to restore the true change;the basis of the body has a "national body ? political body? human body " The connotation of the status of " imitation gymnastics ?dependent sports ? return to national standard " cultural self-conscious course;the main function of the way there is a " psychological level ? biological level ?humanities and sociology level " disciplinary tendencies;The choice of a "inheritance tradition ? rejection or rewriting the traditional ? return to the traditional" attitude of rheology.The fifth,it is the main driving force of the martial arts education in the school,which is the driving force of the change of the political power,the strong influence of the cultural conflict,the deep influence of the economic foundation and the internal law of the educational development.The sixth,"The ancient way to the Royal".The comparison of educational practice and practice shows that the martial arts education in the Republic of China,despite the social turmoil,the constant war,the frequent change of the central government,the development of the local government's fragmented historical situation,but the many valuable experiences left by the contemporary school "Seeking the Space" in the Reform and Development of Wushu Education.Only under the influence of ideology,these valuable experiences are discarded indiscriminately.The seventh,The body as a kind of flesh-based factors intertwined with the "ideological existence" is to achieve the school martial arts education and physical education and education of the perfect education model,which takes into account the physical,psychological,social trinity education effect and vision,will also become the future The Ideal Mode of Wushu Education in Schools.The eighth,Century school martial arts,centuries of cultural consciousness.Cultural consciousness in the main line of contemporary school martial arts will build a national standard of sports,its future development will be built into a national characteristics,with a strong educational education platform and field.This is necessary to adapt to the contemporary school martial arts education: to achieve the transformation of martial arts education,to build a fighting as the main content of the curriculum structure;in the image of the packaging design to reflect the national cultural elements,fashion and tradition;Rational nature of the ritual education link,so that the classroom in the charm of the system to enhance its educational effect;to change the sports paradigm under the dualistic educational philosophy,to achieve the aspirations of the whole person education.To sum up,based on the current national booming,return to the traditional demands of the times,especially in the current state of traditional culture and education under the strong advocacy of school martial arts education as a strong starting point,to really play its proper educational effect,it must Its support from the outside national policy;internal "teach what,who teach,how to teach" on the serious re-top design.