Public Critiques In Obama Era And The Standardized Education Reform Turns

Since the topic of public participation in the education reform was concerned by many countries with the idea of governance globally accepted,the topic has been concerned in terms of policy-making and academic research.However,the current situation of the public participation in the education reform in our country is not satisfied,which can be proved by the passive participation and poor impact.The reason of the situation can be explained from the concrete practice of the public participation,and especially experiences and lessons can be drawn from the cases of public participation successfully impacting the education reform in other countries.Thus,this research tries to observe how Americn public criticized and changed the standardized education reform in Obama era based on "public sphere" theory,explain why the American public participation in the education reform can be possible,and provide some experience to our country.As to the content and framework of this research,it can be divided into 7 parts besides epilogue.In the first chapter,the research background,research perspective,questions,basic theory,literature review,and research design will be introduced.In Chapter 2,the history process of American standardized education reform since 1980’s will be reviewed,and this chapter will also explain why the public are opposed to this reform.After that,this research will show the concrete practice of how the public criticize this reform in Obama era from macro,media,and micro levels according to the scale of public participation.In Chapter 3,it will focus on how the critical public opinion come into being on CCSS in Education Week,in which the public express their critical opinion on the making process,basic nature,concrete content,and implementation situation of the the new standards,In Chapter 4,"Opt Out" movement will be opted as an example to show how the grassroots organization is constructed and object standardized tests.Chapter 5 will demonstrate how Diane Ravitch as a public figure in America reverses her role as a supporter of standardized education reform to criticize "the logic of market" in the education reform through the various forms of public sphere,such as bestsellers,critical comments,and blogs,by which,what’s more,she also supports other public to participate into the practice.Chapter 6 will show how public critiques in Obama Era change the standardized education reform.It can be deemed that the public participation makes a difference that the federal carries out the "Testing Action Plan" and ESSA,and Trump nominates the new Minister of DOE and decide to stop CCSS.In the end,the Chapter 7 will firstly examine the concrete practice rationally and critically.Besides,this chapter will provide some suggestions in terms of how to promote the public participation in the education reform in China and how the education sector reply the participation practice.Based on the analysis to the American experience,it can be concluded that,critical consciousness,capacity of debating,and the participation domain(public sphere)is essential.On one hand,school education should emphasize on developing critical consciousness,capacity of debating.On the other hand,the various public sphere should be constructed fatherly,and the government should make sure its function in the public participation in the education reform.At the same time,in order to ensure public participation impacting the education reform positively,the education sectors should reply scientifically and rational.On the one hand,the mechanism of collecting and analyzing public opinion should be improved,so as to reply the education demands from the public.On the other hand,education sectors should guide and stipulate,encouraging public participation and alerting the "over-participation" occurs.