Research On Marx's Critical Thought To Science And Technology

Since science and technology came into being, people have been arguing about the past,the present, and the future of science and technology. Especially after the Second World War,the theorists cared more and more about the reflection to the highly developing global science and technology. With this background, we hungrily need true innovative scientific and technological thoughts,and the reality needs us to go back to the origin of Marx's critical thoughts to science and technology. Critical thinking way is an important characteristic of Marx's thoughts,and the reason why Marx's thoughts could maintain an eternal life and charm. Marx shows this characteristic in his thinking about science and technology. Together with Marx's view of economy, history,practice and development,Marx's critical thoughts to science and technology is a greatly important and inseparable part of Marx's thoughts. Marx mainly critically thinks about science and technology from the following aspects: the essence and value of science and technology, the alienation of human being, nature and ecology, social produce and social system, and so on.Foreign academia that studies Marx's critical thoughts to science and technology can be roughly divided into four groups: western Marxists mainly form Frankfurt school that mainly concerns about Marx's alienation thoughts of science and technology, Briton and America scholars that mainly concerns about Marx's essential and ethical thoughts of technology, the previous Soviet and eastern European scholars that mainly concerns about Marx's conceptions and classification to technology, and Japan technologists that mainly concerns about Marx's conceptions and essence of technology. Foreign scholars' research about Marx's critical thoughts to science and technology is characterized by non-systematic and various, and these various interpretation could provide multiple dimension and guidance to help deeply understand Marx's critical thoughts to science and technology. Recently,domestic academia's study to Marx's critical thoughts to science and technology has gradually stepped into a conscious period, gradually setting out to emphasize Marx's critical thoughts to science and technology and appearing a lot of valuable works. Domestic scholars' researching achievements to Marx's critical thoughts to science and technology varies from concerning about the positive aspect to the negative, from studying Marx's critical thoughts to science and technology as a tiny branch of Marx's thoughts to a systematic research.Marx's critical thoughts to science and technology has a multiple level theoretical characteristics, some important of them are as following: the criticism based on practice is the main line of Marx's critical thoughts to science and technology; to realize the freedom and emancipation of the "realistic human" is the fundamental aim of Marx's critical thoughts to science and technology; to criticize from science and technology to social system is the terminal point of Marx's critical thoughts to scientific technology. Marx's critical thoughts to science and technology is grand and deep. In the criticism to the essence and value of science and technology, Marx believes that scientific and technological activity is the most important activity in human history and the direct embody of human essence; scientific technological activity is not only to maintain living, but also an aesthetic activity; as a kind of prolificacy, scientific technology is not only valuable to push forward social development,but also valuable to realize human freedom and emancipation and to help human advance from realm of necessity to realm of freedom. In the criticism to human alienation, Marx believes that scientific technological development makes human's living state, mental state and morality alienated, and makes the labors' physical health, social status, ethic view and personality development under the threat of science and technology; in the criticism to nature and ecology, Marx believes that human's technological practical activity is the medium between human and nature and the basis on which the relationship between human and nature varies. It is human's technological activity that divides nature into original nature and artificial nature, causing nature humanized and human naturalized; capital scientific and technological civilization greatly damages the external nature and human's internal nature,and makes the reconciliation between human and nature impossible because of its essential characteristic. In the critique to social produce and system, Marx believes that science,technology and social produce would influence and constraint each other; scientific technology would have great influence on the development of social system and the innovation of the world history; the root of scientific technological crisis is not itself but social system, therefore, social system must be reformed; the future social mode---communist society will finally replace capitalist society, ensuring and guiding scientific technology go back to its own developing logic in the level of system so as to realize its original aim that serving for human's freedom and emancipation.Marx's critical thoughts to science and technology has a theoretical character that keeps pace with time, which would continuously change and develop and as time goes by. We must make great effort to deeply study on how to understand and interpret the spiritual essence of Marx's critical thoughts to science and technology to restore and carry forward Marx's critical spirit to scientific technology, how to find the solutions in Marx's critical thoughts to scientific technology to solve the human problems, nature and ecological problems, and the social problems brought about by scientific technology, and how to develop Marx's critical thoughts to scientific technology with time going on. We should carry forward Marx's critical thoughts to science and technology in rethinking western scientism, in deeply understanding the new change of the present science and technology and nowadays capitalism. To construct the present Chinese scientific technological thoughts system under the guidance of Marx's critical spirit to science and technology is the internal need of scientific and technological thoughts system, and the further expression of Marxism in the sinicization of scientific technological area. We must insist on the basic principles and ideas Marx's critical thoughts to science and technology reflects and take innovation as the force resource of the present Chinese scientific technological thoughts system; Take scientific technological background of China as the foundation of the present Chinese scientific technological thoughts system; take all the people's sharing scientific technological achievements as the aim of the present Chinese scientific technological thoughts system;take the all—round and coordinate development among scientific technology, economy and society as the operating tempo of the present Chinese scientific technological thoughts system; take the saying that green mountain and water are gold and silver as the value ground of the present Chinese scientific technological thoughts system; scientifically treat Marx's critical thoughts to science and technology, meanwhile, resist all kinds of dogmatism,establishing theoretical confidence of the present Chinese scientific and technological thoughts system.