A Research On Grassroots Social Governance In Current China

With the quick progress of modernization and urbanization, democratization of political life, the trend of marketization of economic life and diversification of social life are increasingly evident, social structure, social interests and social conflicts change profoundly. The city flowing population management and services appears new features, as well as solidification in social stratum and class structure. Represented by We Media and promoted by the new development of network communication technology, the new media has created a "public microphone" era of "everyone is the media". Public dissatisfaction with the government’s social management and public services is increasingly likely to lead to large-scale network public opinion. In addition to the institutional channel of interests demand is not smooth, the risk that public dissatisfaction triggers resistance interests demand of stakeholder and non stakeholder accumulates gradually. It is more and more urgent that we should strengthen and improve the urban grassroots social governance.Due to the transformation from planned economy to market economy, unit system that is under the traditional urban social management mode lost its reason and economic foundation of existence. Along with the advance of the reform of the separation of government and enterprise, the separation of government and society and the separation of enterprise and society, unit system goes towards disintegration gradually, "unit person" turns into "society person", non-unit citizens increase day by day, and the social functions transferred from the unit transfer need to be undertook by other subjects. But traditional street committee system cannot make it and it is impossible for the government to undertake it by expanding its functions and institutions. In 1980s, the government started the construction of urban community, as a realistic choice, community system entered the government’s social governance agenda. In order for community system to undertake the social function from unit and government, the government conducted the reform of urban community construction, made some achievements in the organization platform, the construction of management system and the community autonomy.But the problems of urban grassroots social management and public service are still outstanding.So we should deepen the refbrm of urban grassroots social governance furtherly.On the methodology of social constructivism,based on the theory of govemance and effective government,and under the perspective of government management,but not limited to the government management,this study constructs the three-dimensional theory framework of "system-action-orientation" of urban giassroots social governance which is that social constructivism of the dimension of rtie system,effective government of the dimension of the action and public governance of the dimension of the orientation,as well as forms a logical main line of research which is that rtie ‘‘phased evolution and target orientation-basic contents-governance in kution and its operation-allocation of government function-governance means and policy tools selection-governance performance and its evaluation,,of the urban grassroots social governance.And this study the relevant research by the logical main line to make a comprehensive interpretation of rtie urban grassroots social governance of China in the view of government management.The basic ideas of the study Consists of at least three points:Firstly,urban grassroots social governance in current China is actually the govemmentis govemance of urban grassroots society. In social governance,urban grassroots society and the urban community;s overlapping,urban community is the venue of urban grassroots society,and urban grassroots society governance needs to be settled in urban community ultimately.The form of urban community governance is started,forced and kept by government,and government must undertake the necessary founctions of social management and public service.In China’ urban grassroots social governance is the combination of governments social management and grassroots social construction,which target is to achieve the effective convergence of the governments urban grassroots social governance and grassroots social autonomy,and ultimately maintain the stabUity of the urban grassroots society so as to enhance its order and vitality. No matter which development level the urban grassroots social governance is in, it is necessary that we should combine government’s social governance with social autonomy, and the government must be in the social system for all time and must be charge of its necessary functions.Secondly, the evolution of urban grassroots social governance in China is a process of transition from single-subject construction to multi-subjects construction, and we can divide it into the government management stage, social management stage and public governance stage. These stages of urban grassroots social governance are existing side-by-side, and will last for a long time. The development of the urban grassroots social governance in different place shows the trend of non-balanced development, so the urban grassroots social governance reform should be carry out step by step. We can find each stage of urban grassroots social governance evolution in current practice. Based on methodological approach of social constructivism, we have a brilliant future for policy learning and policy transplantation between different practices.Thirdly, the core of the innovate in urban grassroots social governance is the social governance institution, constructing and refining the public governance system under the leadership of the government, and bettering the community institution under the street committee system. And the key to the innovation in urban grassroots social governance is to divide the powers and responsibilities between the government and urban community reasonably and strengthen the construction of effective government (the capable and limited government). The basic requirement is to nurture and promote the social organizations and the development of citizen participation. The starting point and the focal point are the social management and public service supply in urban community. And the basic guarantee is to construct the regulation which contains mutual recognition of governance notions, mutual benefit on the level of interests, mutual trust in social interaction and mechanism of shared responsibility.