From Proletarian Internationalism To The Community Of Human Destiny

Marx and Engels,based on the revelation of the laws of development of human society according to historical materialism,established the thought of "Two Unions".Namely,they established the ideal of the scientific "union of free man" and also found the appropriate path which can unite proletariats all around the world to achieve this ideal.In The Communist Manifesto,Marx and Engels combined the thought of "class union" from proletarians of all countries with "union of free man" dialectically,which make socialism has been realized the transition from utopia to science.The thought of "Two Unions",as the ideal goal to promote the history of the world from spontaneous one to conscious one,must be guided by relevant scientific value.The value of the first Union is about the internationalism concerned with the class natures,namely the proletarian internationalism.The value advocated by the second Union is a kind of internationalism with reference to the nature of human community that is the consciousness of human community.The two values reflect the tendency of human history.Although different,they interact with each other and constitute the dialectically developed union of Marxism internationalism.Internationalism is not only a kind of value,but also a realistic movement.The gold of Marxism internationalism is to unite "realistic individual" and form a free human community.However,in the world history dominated by bourgeoisie,the oppressed people must unite around the world all together,in order to break the global governance of bourgeoisie under the thought of "Abstract Community" and the thought of "False Community" which is unequal,unfree and unjust and then achieve the return of human nature.With the double mission about criticizing existing community and pursuing the real community,Marxism internationalism demonstrates its class nature,revolutionary,practical features,and the history of the world properties and features of communism.These features constitute the overall connotations of Marxism internationalism.From the point of 'Two Unions" and five characteristics as mentioned above,this thesis defines Marxism internationalism as follows;a general name of practice of International Communist Movement and the world historical value idea which was founded by Marx and Engels from historical materialism,rooted in the basic trend of change from history to world history,and inherited,innovated and developed by subsequent Marxists of different ages and countries,on the guidance of proletarians and oppressed nations all over the world to strive for self-liberation in the form of international "Class Union",aiming at human liberation and world peace and making the human society based on "union of free man".Its supreme interest and value pursuit are human liberation all over the world and world basic peace;its organizational form of international politics and communitive way of human society are "Class Union" of proletarians and oppressed nations all over the world and "union of free man" based on new human society;its historical origin and logical support are world history and globalization;its basic method is view of practice of dialectical materialism;its important appearance of vitality and vigor is concrete internationalism practice of various organizational forms and strategies.What we also should pay attention to is that Marx and Engels think that between internationalism of two dimensions there must be a transitional stage that is internationalism in the countries of proletarian dictatorship.Socialist country is not real community,but it starts to partly get rid of the essence of "False Community" and "Abstract Community";the country of proletarian dictatorship has the responsibility to guide human society to "union of free man" with socialist power.As a socialism country of People's democratic dictatorship,in the 21st century China advocates the idea of community of human fate,a transitional form of internationalism which has inherited proletariat internationalism and finally will evolve into the idea of community of common destiny for all mankind.Theoretically,standing in the context of world history,Marx and Engels start their research with world communication of "realistic individual" rather than simple world union of the classes and end with a final destiny of "union of free man" rather than realistic proletariat movements in the pursuit of self-liberation or even human liberation,which shows that Marxism internationalism is not simply an idea of class union,nor so-called value of an instrument for liberation,nor a realistic endless movement full of revolutionary atmosphere.From the point of pursuit value goal of "union of free man",Marxism internationalism is unified by instrumental value of "Class Liberation" and ideal value of "Human Community".Internationalism above of two different dimensions experiences the combination of transitional stages and forms comprehensive and integrated Marxism internationalism.From the practical perspective,the important historical achievements of the international union of the proletariat have been recorded in history in twentieth century and nineteenth century.In particular,although the establishment and development of socialism from one country to many countries experienced major setbacks in twentieth century,in the fight against capitalism as the two camps,it has promoted the basic realization of the national liberation movement in the world,has forced a new form of social welfare and has ensured the maintenance of world peace.Twenty-first century is a cut-off point for the international development of Marx.In this point,the historical fever of international class union has subsided and the development of human society presents many new characteristics:the global productivity has been united indeed and is highly developed;the division of labor deeply converts into the international division of labor which involves all countries of different systems;human communication is inclined to be communication with universal significance.With the change of these factors,we can perceive Marx's demand of human community intuitively.We also compared the 19th and 20th centuries more conscious of a sense of internationalism.At the meanwhile,we get the awareness of internationalism with less effort comparing the human in the nineteenth and twentieth century.However,this awareness of internationalism must be in line with the trend of the times.For the Communist Party of China,it is an important mission to seize the new features of the times,to conform to the trend of world history,to put the internationalism of the Marxist in the new historical coordinate.At present,chairman Xi proposed internationalist thinking--"community of common destiny for all mankind".It is the most appropriate concept on the expression of Marxist internationalism on the transition stage.The main research task of this doctoral dissertation is to do systematic investigation of the internationalism of "community of common destiny for all mankind".Focus of this doctoral dissertation include the classic texts of Marxism about "human community" from the perspective of internationalism,all kinds of community practice of Marx and Engels and their followers with the guiding ideology of internationalism in the international communist movement,the historical formation process of the internationalism of "community of common destiny for all mankind" after the Cold War,and the theoretical premise,theoretical nature,theoretical connotation,theoretical content,theoretical principle and value symbol of "community of common destiny for all mankind".Since the 18th CPC National Congress,the idea of human community has become an important guiding ideology of Chinese diplomacy.China takes the lead to construct "One Belt One Road"destiny community,surrounding destiny surrounding,destiny community in developing countries and Asia Pacific Community of destiny which has received the international praise and support.Moving forward along the ideology of "community of common destiny for all mankind"internationalism,the real community about Marx and Engels' "free association" will be realized.At that time,the human community consciousness will replace all the political ideology in the history of mankind as a universal human social consciousness.