Study On The Problem Of Extraterritoriality In China By Foreign Powers During The Period Of Late Qing

In the late Qing Dynasty,the Western Powers' rights of extraterritoriality and Consular jurisdiction in China since the Opium War almost effected the entire history of modern China.It means humiliating or destroy humanity.In order to explain the root causes,other hazards caused by the abolition of the process and to explore the impact a large number of research works appeared.Based on the full reference to the academic research results,a lot of research is in sufficient.On the basis of the relevant literature,Marxist materialism,this dissertation,using interdisciplinary research methods,systematically investigates and analyzes the Western Powers' rights of extraterritoriality in modern China and the catastrophic damages it did to China.It consists of four chapters.Chapter 1 introduces the major significance of the topic,definition,research methods and possible innovation on the research of extraterritorial consular jurisdiction and other terms.Chapter 2 discusses the establishment and evolution of extraterritoriality,analyzes the reason why an institution originally designed for protecting Western citizens,and their commercial interests eventually evolved into a powerful tool for political,economic and cultural aggression against modern China.Chapter 3 analyzes the extraterritoriality in Civil and Criminal Cases.This chapter contains a series of specific cases,including civil,criminal as well as special cases,and reveals real motives and purposes of the extraterritoriality in China.Chapter 4 investigates abolition of extraterritoriality.With upgrades conflicts between the Chinese and foreigners,the Qing dynasty and its successors began to have a preliminary understanding of the damages of the system of extraterritoriality and to look for opportunities and methods to abolish the extraterritoriality.The main inno vation of this desecration is as follows: Firstly,the interdisciplinary perspective.In contrast,the research which from an interdisciplinary perspective on the extraterritoriality and related issues,the evolution of its eventual abolition of the integrity of the whole process of investigation is rare,this study provides a lar ger space for the future.Secondly,the research emphasis on the imperialism imposed on China by the extraterritoriality and consular jurisdiction in the past.This paper broke through this limitation,it brings Modern China into a big framework of world history,open research vision,we come to a deeper understanding.Thirdly,in this paper,through the analysis of specific cases,reveals the Western powers to establish extraterritorial,such as "US court for China" " British court for China" "associated house common pleas(ahcp)".The motivation is far from to protect its people enjoy extraterritoriality.The deeper intention which The Western countries establish such institutions in China,is to induce China adopted western political and e ven judicial system,the fundamental purpose is to "westernize China".In contrast,previous studies paid little attention to it.Fourthly,most of the previous studies have focused on describing the relevant events and general processes of the extraterritoriality in China and their consequences,while the reasons behind these events,especially the Qing government,not enough.This paper breaks through the traditional model of "the custody of the imperial government" and the "Huairouyuan people",and analyzes the deep historical and legal traditions and the political and military aspects of the Qing government's permission to extraterritoriality.Of the factors into the investigation and analysis,based on the original,to expand the understanding of the depth and breadth of this issue.