Research On "Zhucheng Shilao" And Their Poetic Creation

"Zhucheng Shilao”refers to the most influential poets in the poetry circles of Zhucheng in the late Ming and early Qing dynasty,such as Ding Yaokang,Wang Chenglu,Liu Yiming,Li Chengzhong,Qiu Yuanwu,Zhang Yan,Zhang Tong,Xu Tian,Sui Ping and Zhao Qing.They devoted their life to the creation of poetry,not only contributed to the poetic circles of Zhucheng in the late Ming and early Qing dynasty,but also promoted its unprecedented prosperity.They are not only an important part of Shandong poetic circles in the late Ming and early Qing dynasty,but also occupy their own place in the history of Chinese poetry.However,the academic attention to "Zhucheng Shilao" started relatively late,and its research are often only on analysis and research of an individual and a specific issue,neither systematic,nor comprehensiveness.In view of this,this paper,on the premise of explaining clearly the origin of the name "Zhucheng Shilao",assumes starting with the social environment,regional environment and poetic background of "Zhucheng Shilao"in late Ming and early Qing dynasty,uses the literature research method,literature geography analysis method,literary and historical comparison method,comparative analysis method and so on.Through carding and studying the works of "Zhucheng Shilao" and their related documents,this paper makes a comprehensive investigation of the family origin,personal experience,friendship activities and their poetry creation of "Zhucheng Shilao".The author tries to make readers have a more comprehensive understanding of the life experience and poetry creation of "Zhucheng Shilao".At the same time,in order to provide relevant academic data of "Zhucheng Shilao" for academic circles,,they tries to further promote the research of "Zhucheng Shilao" in the academic circles,so that it can develop deeper.In order to achieve the purpose of this study,this paper is divided into seven chapters,the following issues are analyzed and interpreted systematically.For example,the background of the times and the regional environment of "Zhucheng Shilao",the family origin and life experience of"Zhucheng Shilao",the friendship activities of "Zhucheng Shilao",the poetry creation situation of "Zhucheng Shilao”,The influence of the life circumstances of "Zhucheng Shilao" on his poetry creation and so on.At the same time,the author corrects the fuzzy cognition of the existence of"Zhucheng Shilao" in academic circles,and puts forward his own views.Everyone’s growth is more or less affected and restricted by their social environment and regional environment.Therefore,the study of "Zhucheng Shilao" begins with the social environment in which they lived.The first chapter is divided into three aspects:national environment,Shandong environment and social environment of Zhucheng,on the historical background where "Zhucheng Shilao" grew up,a comprehensive interpretation was made.At the same time,considering the influence of the regional environment factors on the growth of poet,this paper describes the unique regional environment of "Zhucheng Shilao" from two aspects of unique natural scenery and humanistic geographical environment in Zhucheng.In order to clarify the social and regional environment in which"Zhucheng Shilao" grew up,the second chapter makes a systematic study on the family origin,growth experience and life track of each person in"Zhucheng Shilao".Through carding the life experience of "Zhucheng Shilao",we find that the family background and life track of "Zhucheng Shilao" are different.But on the whole,it can be divided into three categories:Some of the representatives were Ding Yaokang,Liu Yiming,Li Chengzhong and Qiu Yuanwu.They all had the life experience of entering the Qing Dynasty as an official,but the whole official career was not successful.In the end,they resigned voluntarily or were forced to lose their official position and return to their hometown,which spent their remaining years till death in their hometown.In one category,Wang Chenglu,Xu Tian,Zhao Qing and Sui Ping were the representatives.Although they also had the experience of participating in imperial examinations,they did not get anything at all,basically they died in their hometown as a result with the status of student who went to school in the Ming dynasty.Another category takes two brothers Zhang Yan and Zhang Tong as the representatives,they are determined to give up the official advancement all because of the family reason,lives in seclusion forever in the mountains and dies in the hometown."Zhucheng Shilao"are good at making friends all his life,and making friends becomes an integral part of their life.Their objects of making friends is very complex,and the location of making friends have many changes in their life.Therefore,the third chapter of this paper is devoted to the life of making friends and association situations of "Zhucheng Shilao"for a systematic investigation.For the activities of making friends of"Zhucheng Shilao",we take its birthplace "Zhucheng" as the boundary,it is divided into two parts of the county and outside the county,and has carried on the analysis and research to it.Through the research,it is found that the main activities of making friends in Zhucheng County are relatively concentrated:the places of making friends are mostly in Fanghe Park,Woxiang Mountain and Iron Garden and so on;Friends are not only local scholars,but also attracted a large number of scholars from outside the country;The activities of making friends are mainly centered on Ding Yaokang and Li Chengzhong,and divided into two stages before and after eight years of Kangxi.The situation of making friends outside the county is relatively complex:not only the objects of making friends are very complicated,there are not only the old fogy in late Ming dynasty,the princes,dukes and ministers in Qing dynasty,but also big names in the literary world and the people with the three religions and the nine schools of thought,the circle of friends is very large;And the footprint of the place of making friends changes.Therefore,we chose these three celebrities as the core,namely Zhou Lianggong,Wang Shizhen,Zhou Sisheng,and made a concrete investigation on the overseas friendship situation of "Zhucheng Shilao".With regard to the association situations of the "Ten elderly in Zhucheng",we are trying to find out the following basic conditions,such as Ding Yao-kang has taken the lead in forming the Shanzhong Society and the Guanwen Society,Li Chengzhong has organized the Jitun Society,Zhang Yan and Zhang Tong have organized the Jiulao Society,and so on,and have further clarified the nature of their friendship and association.That is to say,most of their friends and associations are free and optional,not only have no literary program.These are no more than the poetry and wine singing and gathering of the like-minded people in the countryside,and they have the nature of "meet friends on literature”.Under the premise of clarifying the life experience and making friends of "Zhucheng Shilao",the fourth Chapter of this paper is also devoted to the analysis and study of the specific problems of "Zhucheng Shilao",such as the choice of life path and the mentality of retreat,the reasons for the failure of life of "Zhucheng Shilao" and so on.The study found that in the historical period of such drastic changes in Ming and Qing dynasties,in"Zhucheng Shilao",only Ding Yaokang had some anti-Qing actions in the early period.Most of them did not race for the restoration of the Ming Dynasty like Gu Yanwu,Huang Zongxi,Yan Ermei and others at that time,nor did they adhere to the integrity,would rather become Yimin than be an official in Qing dynasty like Fu Shan and Li Huanzhang.They chose the life path that most of the underclass literati usually chose at that time:In the face of the objective reality about the stability of the regime in the Qing Dynasty and there is no hope for the restoration of the Ming Dynasty,it accepted the existence of the New Dynasty with the posture of a submissive person.Some continue imperial examinations to seek official advancement,eager to enter through the imperial examination in the new dynasty to seek development;Some never intended to be an official and set aside the feelings of mountains and rivers,always with friends and wine as a companion.In the face of the limited living environment,each tries his best to expand his own living space,seeking the path of self-development about road and food.The reason why they choose such a way of life is undoubtedly directly related to their strong family concept,their social background and the high-pressure and Huairou policy implemented in the early Qing Dynasty.However,no matter what kind of life path they choose in the face of the changes in the current situation,but generally speaking,their road of life is not smooth,and the outcome is even less satisfactory.None of them escaped the final fate of returning to idyllic life and ending up in their hometown.Explore its reasons,in addition to the environmental factors of the times,it has a direct relationship with the poet temperament,the hometown complex of his whole life,the hidden mentality that always exists,and the insufficiency of his examination-oriented ability and so on.The choice of life and the track of self-life of "Zhucheng Shilao" are undoubtedly the true portrayal of the life of most of the underclass literati at that time,so they are very representative.In addition,this chapter also identified the identity of "Zhucheng Shilao".For a long time,most of the scholars defined the identity of the "Zhucheng Shilao" as "Yimin".However,judging from the reality of their life experience,we do not think this statement is scientific.By defining the standard of "Yimin",we think that it is more appropriate to define their identity in this way:"Zhucheng Shilao"is a group of scholars who live in the middle and lower levels of society and keep constantly on the run for making a living all day.It was also a group of middle and lower class poets who under the multiple plight of the attack,such as the imperial examination is not attempted,the official is not smooth and life is unpleasant,etc.Although some of them have revealed the feelings of the bereaved in their poems,they are by no means "Yimin" in the strict sense.Although the life of "Zhucheng Shilao" is not smooth,they all devote their life to poetry creation,always use poetry to tell their own understanding and feeling of life,it can be said that poetry is the life.Their poetry creation,not only a large number of poetry exists in the world,but also has a very high artistic standard.Therefore,the 5th chapter of this paper is devoted to the poetry creation and influence of "Zhucheng Shilao".In order to clarify the achievements of poetry creation in "Zhucheng Shilao",it also analyzes and studies his poetry works from three aspects:the tendency of poetry creation,the theme of poetry creation and the style of poetry creation.As far as poetry creation tendency is concerned,while inheriting the creative tendency of "chanting affection" in traditional poetry,they face the background of imitating the poetry form of Tang and Song dynasties in the early Qing Dynasty,their poetry creation,although imitating Tang Dynasty,was not confined to Tang Dynasty,as much as possible with people and natural things as teachers and had a style of their own;As far as the theme is concerned,their poetry creations are rich in theme and bright in subject.And it always takes the word "emotion" as the main line.On the theme of poetry creation,they showed an unimaginable consistency.Including paying attention to their own destiny,writing their own grievances,cherishing relatives and friends,telling about family and friendship,describing the pastoral scenery,sending feelings between mountains and rivers,going on stage to sing the history of nostalgia,expressing the ancient secluded feelings,recording the long stay in a strange land,placing on a feeling of homesickness,beyond the life experience,practising meditation to talk about the truth,etc.What is particularly rare is that,while lamenting their own destiny,they are also able to pay attention to the What is particularly rare is that,while lamenting their own destiny,they are also able to pay attention to the livelihood of the people and express their deep sympathy for the living conditions of the lower class.As far as the style of creation is concerned,in their long-term practice of poetry creation,they have formed their own unique style of poetry creation:the poetry of Ding Yaokang,its poetic style is not only Kangli,but also ethereal and fresh,and has a lot of charming appearance and behaviour;the poetry of Wang Chenglu are vigorous and fresh;the poetry of Liu Yiming are melancholy and sad,and they are bold and simple;the poetry of Li Chengzhong are open-minded and cheerful,gloomy and desolate;the poetry of Zhang Yan are leisurely and insipid,with more elegant of Tao Yuanming;the poetry of Zhang Tong are fresh and scattered,unique to other poems;the poetry of Qiu Yuanwu are magnificent,and deep,gloomy and rhythmic;the poetry of Xu Tian are nobleness and pure beauty,often have grand and outstanding meaning;the poetry of Zhao Qing have sincere feelings,plain poetic style;the poetry of Sui Ping has a lofty idea,and its poetic style is quiet and tranquil.In addition,Ding Yaokang’s poems have a strong historian’s consciousness.In view of this feature,this chapter also makes a special study on the characteristics of "the history of poetry"about the poetry of Ding Yaokang.In addition to affirming that his poems have the merits of "proving history by poetry" and "supplementing history with poems",and by comparing it with Du Fu’s poetry,the difference of their "history of poetry" is clarified.Poetry is closely related to real life.A person’s poetry creation is bound to be influenced and restricted by his life circumstances.Through carding the process of poetry creation and its poetry works,we find out that the poetry creation of "Zhucheng Shilao",no matter the choice of the theme of poetry creation,the tendency of poetry creation and the formation of poetry creation style are obviously influenced and restricted by his life circumstances.Therefore,from three aspects of poetry,the 6th chapter of this paper analyzes and studies the influence of the life circumstances of"Zhucheng Shilao" on his poetry creation,such as the tendency of creation,the theme of poetry creation,and the style of poetry creation.As far as the theme of poetry creation is concerned,there are three main common influences:First,influenced and restricted by their own outlook on life and life experience,the style of their poetry creation theme is generally not high,there are few national feelings and pay more attention to their own life encounter;Second,affected by the growing regional environment,most of them have strong native complex,and there are many eulogist and praises on the landscape and pastoral areas of their hometown;Third,because of his frequent times of making friends in his life,the number of farewell works is numerous.In addition to the general character,there are some differences in the themes of poetry creation in"Zhucheng Shilao",which are mainly reflected in the following aspects:Those who with official experience mostly express the pain of failure in imperial examination and the failure of official career,while those who have not come out of office mostly describe the life of landscape and pastoral.As far as the tendency of poetry creation is concerned,influenced by the circumstances of life,As far as the tendency of poetry creation is concerned,influenced by the circumstances of life,when their poetry works along with the traditional poetic tendency of"chanting affection",the official experience is influenced by the failure of the imperial examination and the disappointments of the official career,most of them describe the "resentment" and "sadness" which are difficult for them to achieve in their life.Most of the people who have never come out of office describe the "happy feelings" of pastoral life and the "bitter feelings" of their difficult families.As far as the style of poetry creation is concerned,the influence of their own life circumstances is more prominent.The twists and turns of Ding Yaokang’s life have led to many changes in his poetic style in each period:In the early days,most of his poems were fresh and special flavour,and the middle age experienced the war and the poetry were the voice of desolation and grief.In his later years,the poetic style caused by practising meditation often had the spirit of emptiness and silence.Liu Yiming worked hard all the year round in his life,so his poetic style was gloomy and depressing.Li Chengzhong’s life experience,which was never encountered an official career,eventually led to his poetic style to be gloomy and dismal.Qiu Yuanwu,his life encounter of losing official in halfway,causing his poetic style to become gloomy and sad.However,Wang Chenglu,Zhang Yan,Zhang Tong,Xu Tian,Zhao Qing,Sui Ping and so on,because there were no official troubles,life were relatively calm,so most of their poetic styles presented a fresh and elegant color.The innovation of this paper lies in:first,the "Zhucheng Shilao" was placed in the special historical background of the late Ming and the early Qing Dynasty,so as to study its life experience and poetry creation.Not only to explore the common causes of his failure in life,but also to explore the common influence of his life circumstances on poetry creation,and at the same time to define the common identity of "Zhucheng Shilao".In order to overcome the one-sidedness brought about by the previous scattered research.Although there are many individual studies on "Zhucheng Shilao",it mainly provides the support for the whole research and supports material for the whole research.Second,the identity of "Zhucheng Shilao,was scientifically identified,which rejected the academic view that it was defined as "Yimin".Third,the author analyzes and compares the historical characteristics of Ding Yaokang’s poems and Du Fu’s poems,and points out the difference between them.