Study On The Hebei Shenze Dialect

This dissertation takes the Hebei Shenze dialect as the research object,based on field investigation,describes the pronunciation,vocabulary and grammar.Campares the similarities and differences of the dialect and the Mandarin from the synchronic approach.And campares the grammar differences of the dialect and the modern chinese from the diachronic approach,try to get a complete picture of the dialects objectly and offers dialect material to Northern Mandarin study.There are five chapters besides the introduction.Chapter 1 mainly describes the phonological system of the Shenze dialect including its consonants system,vowels system and tone system,tone sandhis and syllabary of homophones.The shape and rounded sounds are separated,retroflexion finals are abundant.The voiced Shang is partly Shang and Qu.The voiced Qu is also partly Shang and Qu.Among the dissyllaic and trisyllable tone sandhi,the composition of voiced Qu and Shang are complex.Chapter 2 describes the vocabulary of Shenze dialect,including tri-disllabic words and quadric-syllable words and vocabulary list of Shenze dialect.The structural types and semantic representations of the tri-disyllabic and quadric-syllable words are varied.This part provides the explanation of the words.Chapter 3 introduces the word formation of Shenze dialect:compounding and affixation and reduplication.The usage of affixation and reduplication is more widely than in Mandarin.The usage of the suffixes as “Zi”“Er”“Tou” have some differences from the Mandarin.The suffixes as “Da” “Niu”are particular,reflects the dialect characteristics.Chapter 4 discusses the pronouns,adverbs,preposition and modal particle.The pronouns includes personal pronoun,demonstractive pronoun and interrogative pronoun.The usable range of “Men” is more larger than Mandarin.“Nie” adhere to pronouns can convey various mood.The demonstrative pronouns are divided into two kinds.The interrogative in particular about location reson and time have various differences from Mandarin.Describes the usage of the adverbs,such as “Tong”.Divides the prepositions into five categories,discusses its modality,sense and usage,and instinguish the gradation of prepositions.The “zhao” indicates passive.Analyzes ten kinds of frequently-used model particles,such as “yang”.Chapter 5 is concerned with the reduplication forms of vocabulary,complementconstructions and interrogative sentences.The reduplication belongs to modality level,we describe and analyze the three kinds of reduplication.And discuss the usage of complement.The degree complement has not only basic formal pattern but also the deepen form,such as “A+Li+Puxing+Puxing” and “A+Lihuang+Libuxing”.Possible complement and directional complement are different from Mandarin.After the result complement often has auxiliary word:La or Lao.The constituent of phase complement is various and vivid.The interrogative sentences includes specific interrogation,yes-no question,A-not-A question and alternative interrogation,The common form of the yes-no question sentences is “VP-Ye/Lai-Neg-Vp-Ye”,has dialect features.