United Lecture And Academies:A Study Of Wang Yang-ming Lecture-Academies In Zhejiang Province

Yangming lecture Academies are to hold lectures as the main activities and to innovate,analyze,disseminate Yangming Theory as the main purpose.The thesis also studies those non-academy lectures surrounding lecture academies and forming systematic and multilevel communication system.Yangming School is an important window to explore the complex lectures in the late Ming Dynasty.It provides an organizational platform for the wide dissemination of Yangming theory,which leads to the emergence of the prosperity of the academy.Jiangxi Province and Zhejiang Province are flourishing regions of Yangming School lecture academies.Academic circle has been familiar with the Yangming scholar lectures in the Jiangxi,but relatively unfamiliar with the development of lecture academies in Zhejiang Province.This thesis attempts to outline the evolution of Yangming Study Conference in Zhejiang Province,the regional distribution pattern and characteristics,the role in local political ecology through sketching the materials of the academies and local chronicles.Shaoxing is the earliest,the longest and the deepest region of the Yangming school lecture academies.Wang Yangming and Qian Dehong launched the first Wang yangming lectures in Yuyao in order to gather his disciples to learn the Conscience Theory during his later years.During Jiajing Reign,nearly a hundred scholars were giving lectures here.To meet the needs of thousands of people from all over the Southeast,Yangming disciples have established Jishan,Yang Ming two lecture academies.Under the auspices of Wang Yangming,the three major lectures linked to each other and Shaoxing becomes a national lecturing center in the early years of Jiajing Reign.In the 1590's,Zhou Rudcng school extended from Sheng County to Shaoxing relying on the Lushan,Haimen,Yang Ming three lectures,and Zhejiang became left Wang Yangming School lectureing center.After Wang Yangming died,Hangzhou became the new Yangming theory center succeeding Shaoxing in the efforts of Qian Dehong and Wang Ji,and lecture academies has been greatly expanded in the western Zhejiang Province.In the early Jiajing Reign,Wansong Academy became the first lecture academy of Yangming School under the influence of Wang Yangming and his disciples.In the 9th year of Jiajing Reign,Wang Yangming's disciples adhered to his wishes and constructed a vihara in Tianzhen Mountain as a place of sacrifice and lectrues.From Jiajing to Wanli Reign,Tianzhen became the nation's most influential lecture academy,building a lecture group together with Qulu Academy,Wenhu Academy and Yingshan Academy,which was a strong drive for the spread of Yangming School in the westernZhejiang Province.In the 8th year of Wanli Reign,Tianzhen Academy was destroyed and then rebuilt in the name of ancestral temple under the efforts of Xiaolin,resulting in the persistent transmission of Yangming School in Hangzhou.In the 37th year of Wanli Reign,Gan Shijia,the Zhejiang governor,rebuilt Hulin Academy and regenerated the lectures in the purpose of combining Zhuxi School and Yangming School.The deep integration of academic,blood and Geography is the distinguishing feature of Yangming lecture academies in Jinhua.In Zhengde and Jiajing Reign,Wang Yangming's disciples in Yongkang County at the head of Ying Dian combined the Conscience Theory with the tradition of Jinhua School and built Wufeng Academy,which became the most influential Yangming School base in Jinhua.It formed a systematic and multi-level academy lectures spreading system with Wufeng lectures as the core,surrounding by subordinate town lectures,which achieved the disseminating of Yangming School form Yongkang County to Dongyang County.Yangming School merged in the clan forces of Youxian Township through Wufeng Academy.Clan juniors contacted the Conscience Theory through academy lectures.During the rise of the clan,they connected with each other by means of academy lectures,and form a community of interests through mentorship and marriage,and thus provided a guarantee for the continuous development of the lecture academies.At the end of the Ming Dynasty,lecture academies tended to decay.However,Shaoxing Zhengren Society,Zhengren Academy and Banlin Community Academy still kept their thriving under the dominant of Tao Shilin,Liu Zongzhou and Yuyao scholars.In the change of two dynasties,lecture masters died one after another.Under the efforts of Han kongdang,Dong Yang and Shao Tingcai,the left of Yangming Doctrine gradually drew close to Jishan Doctrine,taking the doctrine of Zhuxi School for self-correction,and eventually contributed to the academic rise in eastern Zhejiang Province.In addition to spreading the Conscience Theory,there is a close interaction between the academy and the forces in the local society.In the folk,there is brutal competition among Yangming Doctrine,Zhuzi Doctrine,Buddhism and other ideological theory.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the Yingshan Academy experienced a transition of academic idea,showing the two academic resources'sublating process of scholars from their own interests in the academic trend and the change of the court situation.In Jiajing years,the multi-round wrestling between Wufeng Academy and Shoushan Temple showed a scene how Yangming lectures academies using the network,clan and other local forces of scholars to excluding Shoushan Temple out of Wufeng.In the late Ming Dynasty,the Yangming School also became an organization platform for lecturers to participate in local affairs.In Wanli years,when Jiaxing local officials created Renwen Academy,both the official and gentry participated in the management of academy farmland,which made the academy become a communication link between officials and folks.Taking the Renwen lecture as a platform,Yue Yuansheng,Li Rihua and other lecture scholars actively involved in the institutional reform of taxes and corvee in Jiaxing in order to safeguard local interests.Yangming lecture academies in late Ming Dynasty is not only an academic organization of culture and education,but also an important part of the practice of teaching and learning in the rural areas.In general,this paper attempts to outline the interaction scene among lecture academies,Yangming Theory and local society from the perspective of social and cultural history in time and space,showing a more stereoscopic and plump feature of Zhejiang Yangming lecture academies.