Study On The Issues Of Bohai Kingdom Emigrants From The 10th Century To The 12th Century

In 926 A.D.,the Bohai kingdom perishing,Liao Taizu and Liao Taizong migrated a large number of original Bohai adherents to Liaodong and Liao Dynasty's inner land in several years.Some of the Bohai adherents who reluctant to accept Liao's dominate,choose immigrated to Korea peninsula?the central plains and the Yalu River Basins.Until 1125,due to various reasons,the Bohai adherents continued migrating.The bohai emigrants had a huge quantities,distribution in the Northeast asia's vast area,made a great contribution to the local dynasty's politics?economics and military.Scholars had a full pay attention to them,but nobody made a systemic?embedded and comfortable study to the Bohai emigrants in that period.This paper make the Bohai emigrants from926 A.D.the Bohai kingdom perishing to 1125 A.D.as research object,study on their migrate's reasons?settlement?distribution?quantity and the local town's development and evolution,try to make a further analysis and study to their influence and Bohai emigrants research history.The full paper have six chapters,the first one is introduction including whole paper's writing origin?academic value and application value?research status at home and abroad?related concepts involved and some research methods and so on.In the last of the introduction,it will make a sum up about this paper's innovations and difficulties.The second chapter is “the Bohai emigrants migrated's history background”,its main content is discuss Liao Taizu's management of Liaodong,it contains analysis Liao Taizu YeLvABaoJi's repair Dong Ping City?install Zhen Hai City?construct Zhen Dong Long Wall seaport?fishing Yalu River?developed economic and some other methods,his aim is program the Liaodong as a new dominate central and attack Bohai kingdom'srear base.After Liao Taizong took the throne,Liao Dynasty had to met the fight of imperial power?go south to central plains?the Zubu and Bohai emigrants' betrayed and some of other problems.Under these history backgrouds,Liao's first two rulers considered prevented the Bohai emigrants' betrayed ?weaken YeLvBei's power?go south to central plains?restall Dong Dan kingdom?inherited elder's behest and other reasons,began to migrated Bohai emigrants in a large scale.The third chapter is “the Bohai emigrants of the early 10 th century.” Its main content is narrate after the Bohai kingdom's perished,Liao Dynasty's compulsive migrated its Bohai emigrants,and part of the Bohai emigrants' voluntary migrate.This chapter make a full use of historical documents and archaeological literatures,divide this period's migrate to two periods: Liao Taizu and Liao Taizong,and arrangement Liao Dynasty's 97 new cities?cantons and counties by Bohai emigrants,and make a supplement of three new city?canton and county,whose are Zhao Yan canton?Lv canton and An Qing city.Some of reluctant Bohai emigrants choose migrate to Korea peninsula's Wang Shi Korea regime,this chapter will make a comprehensive analysis to its reasons ? routes ? quantities and Korea's install policies,consider the Korea's immigrate policy?economic culture?geographical proximity?national sentiment are the Bohai emigrants choosed immigrate to Korea's four reasons,it can supply the former scholars' omissions.Another Bohai emigrants choosed immigrate to Yalu River Basins,who build some Anti-Liao's regimes,they were include Ding An kingdom?Wu Re regime and YanPo regime,the Ding An kingdom's position is the emphases.A small number of Bohai emigrants immigrated to Mohe's resident,who amalgamation with local tribes,formed some new tribes named Yalu river Jurchen and Plumaoduo Jurchen.The fourth chapter is “the Bohai emigrants from the late 10 thcentury to the early12 th century”.First of all,this chapter will make a use of historical documents and archaeological literatures,divide this period's migrate to two periods:first is the periodof Liao Shizong Dynasty to Liao Shengzong Dynasty,second is the period of Liao Xingzong to the late of Liao Dynasty.Make a emphasis concern on the Liao's migrate reasons: increased the Middle Capital's population ? dispersed Liaodong's Bohai emigrants?prevented the Jurchen's attack and so on.In the same time,make a textual research on Liao's new cantons and counties which installed or abolished,they include30 cantons and 30 counties,and added Changchun canton?Ningjiang canton and more than ten other cantons and counties.Secondly,this chapter even more discuss the Liao's Bohai emigrants policy and settlement measures,and narrate their contents and features.In this period,the Wang Shi Korea's Bohai emigrants' quantities and identities had changed,the reasons are the Liao's East Capital situations tend to stable,Liao-Korea's border defense system relatively improved and so on.However,the Korea due to distrust the Bohai emigrants,it installed them to the south area where is barren and desolation.In the Liao-Song's border area,for some reasons,there were many Bohai emigrants choosed immigrated to the North Song Dynasty,the North Song Dynasty's Guiming people policy to them is the discuss emphasis.It arranged the Bohai emigrants into a dual military system: “imperial guards”-“garrison troops”,and set up “Guiming Bohai troops”,garrison the Bianliang city and the north border line.The fifth chapter is “the Bohai emigrants' survival state”.This chapter based on the former three chapters make a comprehensive analysis on the Bohai emigrants' type?total population ? career and living conditions according to arrange historical documents ? archaeological literatures and Song Dynasty envoys' notes.Author reference the China and foreign countries' migration studies theories,divide the Bohai emigrants into two types: “survival” and “development”.According to analysis Liao's Gao Mohan clans and Da Gongding clans,conclude that some of the “survival”emigrants change to “development”.At the same time,this period's Bohai emigrants also reflected non freedom?forced migration and entirety,and the four emigrate lawswhat are “Immigration and reverse immigration law” ? “center condenses law” ?“turbulent dispersion law” and “impelling of disaster and famine law” also appeared in the Bohai emigrants' migration progress.This chapter reference the former study fruits and arrangement historical records,conclude the residential cities' quantities by the Bohai emigrants.On the basis of conclude the households records,author will make a further estimate the Liao's Upper Capital?East Capital?Middle Capital's cantons and counties' average population,and calculate the total Bohai emigrants' population finally.After comprehensive count to the Bohai emigrants' quantities of Korea?the North Song Dynasty and Yalu River Basins,it can be seen the total population is around seven hundred and sixty thousand.The Bohai emigrants' main occupations were farmers ?craftsmen and merchants,these phenomenon reflects the Bohai emigrants had obtained multiple production technologies as the main reason of the local dynasty made migrate policy.This chapter will make a textual research to their living conditions?dress and diet?rites and music?marriage customs,in order to discuss the Bohai emigrants' life habits were affected by Qidan?Xi?Han tribes customs.The last chapter is “the influence of Bohai emigrants”.This chapter based on the former scholars' study fruits make a comprehensive analysis on the Bohai emigrants' political?economics?military affairs by means of arrange historical documents and archaeological literatures,summarize their promoted to the eventually form of the Liao-Korea's border line.This chapter's first part account joined the Liao Dynasty's government's 87 Bohai emigrants,and make a detailed narrative to their situations in a form,analysis their official titles' type and the their acquisition approach.More the ten of them joined the Wang Shi Korea and the North Song Dynasty's government,but their titles were relatively low.Bohai emigrants obtained multiple production technologies,they made a great contributions to the local agriculture and handicraft industry.In view of their brave and battle wise,Bohai emigrants always entered into Liao Dynasty's?Wang Shi Korea's ? the North Song Dynasty's troops.Liao Dynasty organized East Cpatial Bohai Army,deliberate arrange Bohai descendants to the Liao's vital sites and border areas.Wang Shi Korea arrange them to its northwest area in order to advanced its “Northward Advance Policy” and defensed Khitan.The North Song Dynasty absorbed Bohai emigrants into imperial guards as “Guiming Bohai Troops” to garrison the capital,and the Bohai soldiers in “Garrison troops” guarded in the north border line.Bohai emigrants also prompted to the Liao-Korea's border line's final confirm,this chapter will discuss the issue from three aspects: the Bohai emigrants' migrate's influence on the Liao-Korea's border line's final confirm?Bohai emigrants' effect on Liao-Korea War?Bohai emigrants' construction to Liao and Korea's land fortifications and marine defense.Schedule one: the Bohai emigrants habitancy places,which list the Bohai emigrants habitancy's 158 cantons and couties in Liao?Korea and the North Song Dynasty during926 A.D.to 1125 A.D.,and show their origin and the cantons or couties' location.Schedule two: the Bohai emigrants and their descendants,which list all the Bohai emigrants' 211 names can be seen in all the historical documents and archaeological literatures,and show their synopsis.