A Study On The Use Of Mongolian Language In Bazhou, Xinjiang

The survey of minority languages use situation in the new period is the focus of the language field research in recent years.Mongolian language use situation of mother tongue,mastering other languges and languge character in most regions(Inner Mongolia,Heilongjiang,Hebei etc.)in China have been researched by domestic scholars.The results showed that the Mongolian mother tongue use situation is not optimistic in the mixed zone,especially in urban district the youth generation of mother tongue ability appeared different degree of decline,and the heritage of Mongolian mother tongue shows significant generational differences.The Mongolian mother tongue use situation in Ghetto is relatively good,but also influenced by urbanization,information age and marketing,which makes mother tongue use space extruded and its practical function challenged.However the language use situation of Bazhou Mongolian has not been researched very well and paid more attention by domestic scholars.The researched results were still made in 1980s,so it cannot reflect the real situation of Bazhou Mongolian language use situation in the new period.Bazhou is a multilingual region with language of Mongolian,Urghur and Chinese,so it is also an island of Mongolian language.The deep contact with outside world in new period makes languge use of Bazhou Mongolian come to new situation,so it is researchers’ duty to explore the situation and reasons timely,accurately,comprehensively and objectively nowadays.Meanwhile Bazhou lies in the core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt,and the Mongolian with its language have cross-border features.Once we know well its whole language use situation,it is useful to realize early ’common language’ and ’common folk mind’,therefore the research can meet the needs of times development.In order to accurately grasp Bazhou Mongolian language use,we have done a lot of questionnaires and individual interview.We interpret in detail Bazhou Mongolian language acquisition,language usage and language attitude,language contact,language education and language planning etc.by using the statistical software SPSS and excel charts.We also use the method of social linguistics analysis to discuss respectively cause factors including gender,age,occupation,level of education,social network relation,register,language environment,and cross-national marriage and so on.Finally we come to the conclusion and put forward some suggestions and countermeasures.Full text is divided into nine chapters.The first chapter,the introduction part,illuminates the selected topic reason,the research situation,research significance,research methods and innovation.The second chapter introduces the language description of investigation,Bazhou Mongolian three languages(Mongolian,Chinese,and Uyghur)proficiency.The third chapter discusses the Bazhou Mongolian family and community language use situation.Language use differences in age groups,urban and rural areas are also discussed.The fourth chapter explains Bazhou Mongolian language attitude from three aspects(language cognition,emotion and behavior).The fifth Chapter is student language use special research.The sixth chapter discusses language influence in multi-lingual environment from the perspective of language contact,and focuses on Chinese loaning words in Mongolian.The seventh chapter illustrates Bazhou Mongolian language education and language planning.The eighth chapter discusses language use situation influencing factors including:age,occupation,education level,social network relation,register,language environment,and cross-national marriage and so on.The last chapter is the conclusion.We put forward the full text conclusions and some thoughts.The paper main idea is as follows:1.Bazhou is a multiple overlapping speech community.The inhabited people in Bazhou include Mongolian,Han,Uygur,Hui,Kazakhstan etc.41 nations.They have their own language except for Hui.Each ethnic minority in Bazhou not only belongs to a big speech community,but small speech community as well,so everyone moreover has multiple speech community identity and uses different language in different speech community.Bazhou Mongolian mainly use mother tongue in family or communicating with native people,meanwhile they mainly use Chinese or Uyghur in speech community or communicating with non-native people.With the pace of urbanization in Bazhou,population flow and the increase of cross-national marriage the speech communities are being reconstructed in the process of urbanization.2.The intergenerational difference of Bazhou Mongolian language use is obvious.The older grasp Mongolian language very well,and generally use mother tongue within family or community.They can also speak Chinese or Uygur language with non-native people.The younger’s abilities of Mongolian language is relatively lower,especially reading and writing ability are relatively weak.The vast majority of Han Chinese test of adult cannot write or read mother tongue correctly.Compared with the older,the younger know Chinese language well,and a handful of them only master Chinese language.Meanwhile some of the younger can also speak Uygur language.3.Bazhou Mongolian language use between urban and rural areas is also very different.The farming and stockbreeding areas are far from city(Korla)or county(Hejing),and more than 90%of the population is Mongolian,so Mongolian language is still major strong language here.,so the Mongolian tradition is good.However Mongolian population is relatively small in city or county,and lives with other ethnic group people together,so Chinese and Uygur language generally are used here except for family with mother tongue.Mongolian language is weak language in city,and the inheritance faces great challenge.4.Many social factors affect Bazhou Mongolian language use.The main social factors are age,occupation,and level of education.The intergenerational difference of language use is very obvious whether in family or community,the younger tend to use Chinese language in all situations.People with different occupation use different languages according to the work or job demand.People with higher education generally use Mongolian and Chinese bilingual or only Chinese more than mother tongue and people with lower education generally use Mongolian language much more.Meanwhile social network,language environment,language attitude,and cross-national marriage have a profound effect on Bazhou Mongolian language use as well.5.We must pay more attention to the young generation mother tongue education and the training of mother tongue awareness.Mother tongue is the bond of emotion and the symbol of identity.Although Bazhou Mongolian loves Mongolian language very much,Chinese language is in a dominant position in education,employment,promotion and so on.Young generation abilities and motivation of mother tongue is generally low,which is not good to the inheritance and development of Mongolian language.The talents of ’mastering both the Chinese and Mongolian languages’ are needed in Bazhou,especially in the developing of ’One Belt And One Road’,our country needs these talents mastering more cross-border language.Bazhou Mongolian young generation,therefore,should not only learn national lingua franca well,but also to learn Mongolian language well,and strengthen awareness of protecting mother tongue.