The Effect Of Healthy On The Non-agricultural Labor Participation And Hourly Wage Rate Of Middle-aged And Older People

When evaluatating a regional civilization,the importance of citizens' health literacy has gone beyond the simple population,health has been an important measure of the degree of development of social civilization.while health will also has an important impact on social and economic development.The middle-aged and older people are the backbone of the labor market,it has a very important role on the social and economic development and stability,but the health of these people has igonored.Since the reform and opening up,China's economy has been greatly improved,health care services have been improved greatly,The average life expectancy of our citizens has also increased steadily,at the same time the family planning policy was designated as the national policy.With the implementation of the two factors,our society entering the aging society.China's labor market at this time has also quietly changed from unlimited labor supply to limited labor supply,and in 2004,it turns to Lewis turning point,China's social security funding gap is becoming increasingly serious.When dealing with the new problems of our social economy,in addition to the "full liberalization of two children" policy,excavation the work potential of existing workers in the labor market is also an important direction,such as moderate delay retirement age,improve the efficiency of the existing workers in the labor market,etc.Before the development of delayed retirement policy,we need to examine whether the current middle-aged workers in China have the healthy capital to support the delayed retirement,and the impact of health on the non-agricultural labor participation,participation time and wage rate of middle and middle-aged people in China.Therefore,this article mainly explores three problems,namely: the impact of health on the participation of non-agricultural labor in the middle-aged and older people,the impact of health on the participation time of non-agricultural labor in the middle-aged and older people,and the impact of health on the non-agricultural wage rate of middle-aged and older people.In order to study these problems,this paper summarizes the existing research results from the theoretical basis and the literature review,and draws lessons from the theoretical analysis framework and the construction of health indicators.After the basic preparation work is completed,the measurement model is established in this paper,and the influence of health on non-agricultual labor participation,laborparticipation time and wage rate in the middle-aged and older people.This paper analyzes the impact of health on labor participation,labor time and wage rate in theory,taking into account the healthy production function of the individual,the maximization of the profit in the labor demand market and the maximization of the effect of the individual in the labor time allocation.The construction of health indicators is a key and difficult point of this article.This article systematically summarizes the connotation of health and the present situation of research,and builds a comprehensive health index,including overall health index,physiological health index and mental health indicators.This paper uses self-rated health status as the overall health.Physiological health indicators includes four secondary indicators as acute physical health impact,chronic physiological health impact,basic activities of daily living,instrumental daily activities of living;mental health indicators uses Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale to measure.At this point,the basis of theoretical analysis and the determination of health indicators laid the foundation for the following empirical study.This paper draws the following conclusion:First,the impact of health on the participation of the middle-aged and older people,Considering the difference of health between male and female,and urban retirement age is one of the important factors affecting the participation of middle-aged workers,this paper embeds the age and gender factors in the urban and rural frameworks,and makes a detailed classification of the samples,and draws the following empirical conclusions: 1.As can be seen from the overall and the result of sample points and the household registration,the overall health indicators,physical health indicators,mental health indicators have a significant impact on the whole sample,urban samples and rural samples.The empirical results also show the posivive effect of gender,age,education,household registration on non-agricultural labor participation in the significant impact.2.According to the age and gender classification,The results showed that the self-rated health status,physiological status and mental health indicators has significant negative impact on the non-agricultural labor participation probability of the 45-59 year-old urban and rural male sample and the 45-54-year-old female people,and the effect on females is greater than that of males.Self-rated health status or physical health,mental health indicators had no significant effect on 60-65 years women aged 55-65 years women.The effect of health on the participation of non-agricultural workers in aged 60-65 years rural menwas greater than that in 45-59 years men.The effect of health on women's55-65-year-old group participation in non-agricultural labor is greater than that of45-54 years women.Second,the impact of health on the non-agricultural participation time of the middle-aged and older people: the effect of self-rated health index,physical health index and mental health index has posivive effect on the labor participation time of whole sample and urban sample and rural sample.In addition to the impact of mental health impact indicators on rural people are basically the same effect as the urban areas,the impact of other health indicators on the urban areas is greater than rural.In a further analysis of the sample,it was found that the effect of health on the non-agricultural labor time of 45-59-year-old urban males was greater than that of rural men aged 45-59 and rural 60-65 years men.The impact of health on the non-agricultural labor time of 45-54 years urban women is greater than that of aged45-54 rural women and aged 55-65 years rural women.All health indicators had no significant effect on the elderly in urban areas after reaching the retirement age,ie,there was no significant effect on the 60-65 year old male group and the 55-65 year old female group.In the rural sample,even if the retirement age was reached,the health had a significant effect on the non-agricultural labor participation time of the60-65-year-old male group and the 55-65-year-old female group,and the effect was greater than the corresponding group before the retirement age.The effects of health on the female groups were greater than the corresponding male groups.Thirdly,the impact of health on the wage rate of the middle-aged and older people:the effect of the health variables has a significant effect on the wage rate of the middle-aged and older people in the overall group.The effect of the physiological health on the wage rate is greater than mental health;urban household registration have obvious advantages relative to rural in the employment opportunities and labor remuneration.Gender has a significant positive impact on the wage rate of middle-aged and older employment groups,which shows that there is a significant gender wage difference in China's labor market.Each health variable has a significant effect on the working rate of rural middle-aged people.the same as the overall sample,the effect of physical health on wage rate is greater than that of mental health,while the effect of health on the urban group is not significant,the effect of gender on the rural elderly wage rate effect is greater than the town.In the regression of male and female,all the health variables had significant effect on the wage rate of malemiddle-aged people,and the effect on male was greater than that of female,and the effect of mental health on wage rate was less than that of physical health.The wages of male workers in urban households were significantly higher than those in rural households.The quantile regression results show that the effect of physical health indicators and mental health indicators on the wage rate of the low quantile is greater than the effect of the high quantile,indicating that the improvement of health is important to improve the level of low wage of the elderly.According to the empirical results,this paper gives the countermeasures and suggestions.First of all,improving the quality of the existing labor quality and improve the elderly multi-dimensional health level in our country.The improvement of the laborers' health has gone from for food and clothing requirements to higher stages of a balanced and reasonable diet.In value on the basis of the prevention and treatment of acute disease,chronic disease risks need to be taken seriously,strengthening prevention and control,and in the traditional sense of the physical health problems after a certain degree of improvement,mental health should be paied more attention gradually.Second,improve the inequality of the current labor market in China.Inequality problems existing in the labor market in our country mainly including gender inequality,household registration,and professional income inequality inequality.On the aspects of protecting the rights of women,the traditional way to extension maternity leave not only failed to protect women's employment,instead of further aggravate the discrimination of women employment for the first time,you can consider from the civil service,public institutions and other countries to female employment service agencies,at the same time protect the rights of girls accepting education.Continuing to steadily promote the reform of household registration reform and social welfare policy.Finally,a sound law should protect the justice of labor market participants.In the current "labor law" of our country do not include the re-employment behavior into the scope of protection after retirement,convenient and effective judicial protection situation should be made to guarantee the legitimate rights and in the process of young retirees reemployment.