Health Justice

The paper scrutinized 'health justice', e.g. distributive justice of health system, constituted by eight chapters.Chapter one is introduction. Concepts concerned, research scope and methods were defined and literatures related to health justice were reviewed in this chapter.Chapter two is the origin of health justice. The chapter started by describing the phenomena of health injustice, followed by deriving the cause of these phenomena.Chapter three is the explanation on the concept of health justice. The chapter reviewed theories and existing research conclusions around health justice and provided health justice with a new definition. The connotation, e.g. the subject, object and content of health justice, was analyzed. The denotation, e.g. the typology of health justice, was also defined so as to lay a ground for chapter four to seven.Chapter four to seven looked into the reconstruction of China's health system from a perspective of justice. The four chapters illustrated solutions to current bottlenecks in health reform to shape a more just health system in four dimensions:health financing, healthcare delivery, healthcare market and health governance.Chapter four is just health financing. The notion of justice for fiscal health input and design of health security system were looked into in three aspects such as fund raising, risk pooling and service purchasing. The most important question of this chapter is the judgment of the absence of justice in co-pay arrangements in health insurance schemes.Chapter five is just healthcare delivery. Rooted in human nature of healthcare providers, provider rights were determined, based on which current policies were analyzed and recommendations for re-storing justice in healthcare delivery were raised. The healthcare delivery system was scrutinized in three dimensions:individual, health facility and healthcare delivery system. The most important question of this chapter is how to guide the separation of gaining revenue from providing diagnostic services to selling drugs, as well as the shaping of an integrated healthcare delivery system.Chapter six is just healthcare market. The boundary between government and market was determined under the notion of justice. The safeguarding of access and transactions in the healthcare market was looked into. The shaping of an insurance market within healthcare market was raised. The most important question of this chapter is how to rectify the improper administrative regulation.Chapter seven is just health governance. Four macro dimensions, e.g. political state, private domain, civil society and blurry zone, were looked into so as to illustrate issues such as health administrative structure, private sector participating in health governance, right claiming and self-discipline under civil society, welfare loss under public-private alliance. The most important questions of this chapter are the legitimacy of administrative structure for health insurance system, and the legitimacy of purchasing benefit claiming service from commercial insurance companies for government-run health insurance schemes.Chapter eight is the legal system for health justice. Based on the previous seven chapters, this chapter started by recognizing the leading role on rule of law to health reform, followed by scrutinizing current healthcare laws and illustrating how to integrate justice into healthcare laws, so as to achieve constitutional confirmation, health mother law safeguarding and related law assurance. The most important question of this chapter is how to integrate the notion of justice into the health mother law in making.