| Under the background of oil shortage, environmental pollution, and global warming in the current world, to strive to promote and develop energy-saving, environment-friendly, and low-carbon new energy vehicles is the direction and target of sustainable development of automobile industry that the human society pursues. Therefore, the scale development of electric vehicles has become an inevitable trend.However, with the scale development of electric vehicles, the uncoordinated charging of electric vehicles will have significant influence on the power grid, charging facilities, and the users. In order to reduce or inhibit these negative effects, the charging of electric vehicles should be guided and controlled. At the same time, electric vehicles run on multiple regions, so to deal with the relevant charging problems should be based on regions. Therefore, to carry out research on multi-scenario coordinated charging of electric vehicles is of great importance.In general, residential areas, workplaces, and expressways are important areas for charging of electric vehicles. However, there are still some pressing problems to be solved in these areas at present: (1) in the residential area, a large number of charging facilities are idle during the day and the sharing is very poor, so how to realize the sharing of charging facilities in the residential areas during the day and make rational use of it, thus to improve the utilization ratio of the charging facilities is a pressing problem to be solved; (2) in the workplace, there is a strong coupling between charging facility allocation and electric vehicle charging,so how to coordinate the relationship between the two to reduce the redundancy of charging facilities,thereby reducing the operating cost of charging facility and charging cost of the user is also a pressing problem to be solved; (3) on the expressways, electric vehicle users follow the refueling habit when charging their vehicles, and there is short of effective charging guidance mechanism between charging stations. At the current quick charging level, how to guide the coordinated charging of electric vehicles between charging stations so as to reduce the cost of charging and waiting time of the user and improve the overall time utilization ratio of charging facilities of charging station group, thus to facilitate the economic operation of the power grid and reduce the influence on traffic of expressways is also an important issue that needs to be solved urgently; (4) for the quick charging stations on expressways with large entering vehicle flow, the important issue that needs to be solved urgently is how to choose the appropriate charging facilities and use reasonable operating mechanisms according to the type of electric vehicles, so as to improve the operating efficiency of charging stations and reduce vehicles' waiting in line within the station,thus further reducing the time that the users spend on waiting and charging and reducing the influence on the power grid.First, this paper introduced the trend of large-scale promotion and development of electric vehicles and the influence of uncoordinated charging of large-scale electric vehicles on the power grid, drawing the research on multi-scenario electric vehicle charging, and then reviewed researches on multi-scenario coordinated charging at home and abroad and pointed out the current multi-scenario charging problems;next, based on the complementarity of operating time between charging facilities in residential area and surrounding public charging station, this paper studied the sharing of charging facilities during the day and time-of-use charging strategy in residential area; then, according to the relationship between the charging of electric vehicles and charging facility allocation in workplace, this paper studied the coordinated charging strategy of electric vehicles in workplace; afterwards, under the current quick charging condition, this paper introduced a state-of-use (SOU) price and studied the coordinated charging strategy of electric vehicles at charging stations on expressways; finally, this paper expounded the operation rules of charging stations on expressways and electric vehicles, and studied a new quick charging strategy of electric vehicles for charging stations on expressways with large entering vehicle flow.This paper has achieved some research results with innovative contribution, which are as follows:(1) In the residential area,a large number of charging facilities are idle during the day and the sharing is very poor, and aiming at that, this paper put forward the sharing of charging facilities during the day and time-of-use charging strategy in residential area for the first time. Through breaking the traditional idea and relying on the internet platform, this paper proposed the promotion of construction of one charging pile with multiple charging guns in residential area and the achievement of sharing during the day by enabling the external users to charge their vehicles through booking, which can not only meet the slow charging need of the original users at night, but also meet the quick charging demand of external users during the day,thus achieving the publication of charging facilities; with the time-of-use (TOU) price, the time-of-use charging strategy of electric vehicles can avoid the influence on normal charging of the original users.(2) Aiming at the problem of high operating cost of charging facilities and high charging cost of the users due to the redundancy of charging facilities,this paper pointed out that there is a strong coupling between charging facility allocation and electric vehicle charging in workplace for the first time, and put forward the multi-scenario coordinated charging strategy of electric vehicles. Under the unified price, by taking the minimal variance of operating cost of charging stations and total load curve as the target, this paper established optimization model of multi-scenario coordinated charging of electric vehicles both with and without considering conventional load respectively and introduced an artificial fish swarm algorithm(AFSA) to solve the model, which finally obtained the relatively ideal results.(3) Aiming at the following of the refueling habit of electric vehicle users when charging on the expressways and the lacking of effective charging guidance mechanism between charging stations, this paper introduced a new charging price guidance mechanism—SOU price for the first time, and put forward the coordinated charging strategy of electric vehicles between charging stations located at service areas on expressways, which provided a feasible solution for improving the overall operating efficiency of many quick charging stations. The author also established queuing model of the charging station group and first proposed a basic queuing algorithm for solving the model. Through the queuing algorithm, the Monte Carlo method, and the Floyd-Warshall algorithm, the driving and charging of a certain scale electric vehicles on expressway network can be simulated and analyzed.(4) Aiming at the traditional quick charging problem of multi-type electric vehicles on expressways with large entering vehicle flow, this paper introduced one charging pile with multiple charging guns under the SOU price for the first time and put forward a new quick charging strategy of electric vehicles for charging stations located at service areas on expressways, which provided a viable solution for improving the operating efficiency of a single quick charging station. Without affecting the charging electric vehicles,when the power decreases in the variable power charging stage, to make full use of multiple charging guns by providing charging services for the waiting vehicles with the surplus power of the quick charging pile can explore and utilize the time value of the waiting electric vehicles. |
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