Research On Risk Analysis Of Sulphur And Protection Technology In Crude Oil Processing

In the background of the development towards inferior direction such as high-sulfur,high-acid and heavey oil of the petroleum resources,high-sulfur crude oil in China's imports of crude oil in the proportion is increasing.Meanwhile,the exploitation of domestic high-sulfur crude oil is also increasing,which have resulted in increasingly large proportion of the high-sulfur crude oil refining sector in our crude oil processing.The constant increase in the sulfur content of the process constitutes a major threat to security.Thus,it is a common problem that oil refining enterpriseses in China will be faced with,to process the sulfur and high-sulfur crude oil less clean in security and control the potential safety risks of production of the sulfur content increasing effectively.In this paper,it selects a northern high-sulfur processing refinery plant as the research object and its main production units to separately analyze the sulfur content and sulfur type of the main sulfur-containing stream using gas chromatography and CHSN/O element analyzer,and then conclude that the main sulfur types are thiols,sulfides,thiophene,benzothiophene and various substituted thiophene-based so that it can provide the basis for sulfur risk analysis of the subsequent production units.This paper relies on the national research project“Research on the Safety Technology of High-sulphur Oil in Crude Oil Processing”.On the basis of in-depth analysis of the present situation of risk prevention and control of sulfur,the paper analyzed and determined the sulfur content and sulfur type of the typical production units,studied the migration and transformation of sulfur crude oil types and distribution of sulfur in the process,analyzed the potential safety risks of the sulfur risks in the process of crude oil including sulfur corrosion,spontaneous combustion of ferrous sulfide,hydrogen sulfide and so on,the main accumulation position and the forming mechanism and main site of the hazardous substance,etc.put forward the corresponding prevention and disposal measures.By combining the technological characteristics of the typical refining units,the paper analyzed the corrosive environments,types of corrosion,corrosion mechanism and influencing factors of the processing high-sulfur oil and the extent of corrosion of different types of sulfides using the laboratory studies,drawed the corrosion flowchart of the processing high-sulfur oil refining units,meantime,studied the process anti-corrosion of the corrosion parts,completed the corrosion control measures of the refining units in the corrosion flow chart and proposed targeted anti-corrosion measures for the main production units on the basis of the analysis,provided important technical supports for corrosion protection of processing high-sulfur and high-acid crude oil less clean units and then improved the overall level of China's oil refining enterprises of anti-corrosion technology.There were frequent spontaneous combustion and fire and exposion accidents of iron sulfur compounds in domestic petrochemical enterpriseses.It not only seriously threatened the health and safety of workers,but also caused tremendous damage to property of the production enterpriseses,and serious environmental pollution problems.Sulfur or sulfide in the crude oil or oil interacted with iron and its oxides to generate the ironic sulfide.The paper identified the ferrous sulfide important hidden troubles of the mian production equipments of the refining enterprises in the combination of the forming mechanism of ferrous sulfide and the actual operation of the processing process equipments of high-sulfur oil and develop a new type of QXF-1 composite cleaning passivating agent and supporting application devices,which achieves good effects in the actual production.At the same time,taking into the still occurrence of the spontaneous combustion of ferrous sulfides,a new type of nano powder composite material extinguishing agents was developed,and the fire performance tests showed that the newly developed KHCO₃/?-Al₂O₃ composite extinguishing agent has a higher fire extinguishing performance compared with the commercialized BC fire agent.According to the analysis of the main source of hydrogen sulfide in the refining enterprise unit of typical refinery,the potential risk of poisoning and the distribution characteristics of hydrogen sulfide were studied and on this basis,according to the research of hydrogen sulfide online monitoring and early warning system,the method and process of optimal placement of the hydrogen sulfide detector and hydrogen sulfide absorber,the prevention and control of hydrogen sulfide method was put forward.Based on the determination and analysis of sulfur in crude oil and syream of main equipments,sulfur in crude oil migration and type distribution was studied in the process.Furthermore,the influencial factors of risks including sulfur corrosion,ferrous sulfide accumulation,sulfur poisoning in the crude oil processing and critical regions were analyzed.Corresponding preventive control and disposal measures is put forward so as to ensure the safe,efficient and economic operation for the enterprise.