The Study Of Bovine Bone Nutritional Quality Assessment And Yak(Bos Grunniens)Bone Collagen Peptide Function

The by-product of bone from beef and yak are rich in variety of nutrients.Efficient development and utilization of bovine bone resources has great significance for improving the economic value of beef cattle and yak.In this thesis,four parts from different breeds cattle were collected,including pre-humerus,posterior femur,spine and ribs.The cattle were representing seven regional common cattle and four regional yaks.The main components,clustering and discriminant analysis of SPSS were used to evaluate the nutritional quality of bovine bone samples.The bone collagen of Gannan Yak were prepared by using acid method and enzymatic hydrolysis and then their structure and composition in different molecular weight were analyzed.The nutritional effect of yak bone collagen polypeptide was evaluated by human osteoblasts in vitro.The main findings are as follows:1.The content of water in the bones was between 12.23 and 48.10 g / 100 g,the ash content was 21.33 ~ 48.07 g / 100 g,the protein content was 13.68 ~ 26.14 g / 100 g,and the fat content was 4.37 ~ 33.40 g / 100 g.The difference of moisture content in yak bones of was slight,while it has a significant differences in the common cattle.The trend of ash content in the bovine bones was opposite to that in the water content.The protein content of the yak and the common bovine bone was similar,while protein content of bone in different parts from the same breed was significantly different.The fat content of each part was opposite to that of protein content.The fat content of yak bone was relatively high and the protein content was relatively low.2.Twenty kinds of mineral element were detected from the cattle bone.The results showed that the content of major element in yellow cattle was higher than yak,and the content of trace elements showed the opposite way.The content of mineral elements in temperate zone were higher than plateau mountain climate zone and subtropical monsoon.The cattle were divided the into four groups by the principal component analysis(PCA)analysis of mineral element content: the first group of Luxi cattle,Shaanxi Qinchuan cattle and Inner Mongolia grassland,the second group of Henan Nanyang cattle,the third group of Qinghai yak and Guilin southern cattle,and the other breeds cattle were classfied to the fourth group.The discriminant analysis shows that climate and geographical factors are significantly related to the composition and content of mineral element in bovine bone.3.Tweleve to sixteen kinds fatty acids could be detected in each breed cattle bone and the contents of fatty acids in the bones were different for the different breed and parts of the cattle.The cattle were divided the into four groups by the PCA analysis of fatty acids content: the first group of Luxi cattle,Shaanxi Qinchuan cattle,Jilin Yanbian cattle,Henan Nanyang cattle,Inner Mongolia grassland cattle,Gannan yak,Guilin South cattle and Yunnan white cattle,the second group of Lhasa yak,the third group of Qinghai yak,and the fourth group of red yak.The results show that the climate and geographical factors are closely related to the composition and content of fatty acids in the bovine bone.4.Seventeen kinds of amino acids were detected in cattle bone.The total content of amino acids of cattle bone with different breeds were arranged as follows: yellow cattle > yak,southern cattle> Zhongyuan cattle,northern cattle> yak.The total content of amino acids of cattle bone in different climatic region were arranged as follows: plateau mountain climatic zone> subtropical monsoon climatic zone > temperate monsoon climatic zone > temperate continental climatic zone.The PCA analysis and cluster analysis showed that the bovine bones of different regions could be divided into four groups and the differences in different group were obviously.The results of the discriminant test showed that the climatic factors and geographical factors are closely related to the composition and content of amino acids in the bovine spine,but weak correlation with the premenstrual humerus,the posterior femur and the ribs.5.The preparation processing for yak bone collagen(YBC)and yak bone collagen peptides(YBCP)from Gannan Yak were optimized.UV,FT-IR scanning and SEM were usded for the structural analysis.DSC and SDS-PAGE was used for the determination of thermal properties and molecular weight of protein,respectively.The results showed that YBC has a typical type ? collagen amino acid composition characteristics,with a complete triple helix structure.The content of TAA and EAA in YBCP decreased with the increase of molecular weight,and the degradation of collagen was dramatic.6.The optimal concentration of <1k Da,1 ~ 2k Da,2 ~ 4k Da,Ca Cl2 and calcium gluconate(CG)in promoting HOC proliferation was determined by human osteoblasts(HOC)as an in vitro model.At the optimum concentration of each sample group,YBCP could promote the expression of ALP and the number of later mineralization in HOC.The ALP activity and the number of mineralization were increased with decrease of molecular weight.It was showed that the <1k Da polypeptide group has a significant effect on the expression of HOC ? collagen m RNA.The peptide group showed stronger growth tendency than Ca Cl2 group and CG group.To sum up,it was the first time for the study of nutritional quality of cattle bones from local cattle breeds in the main areas of China.It can provide more detailed informations for the different parts of bovine bone in different Chinese cattle breeds and give the data support for the high utilization of cattle bone.Through the preparation,structural analysis and nutritional evaluation of Yann and YBCP in Gannan,it provides an important experimental basis for the high utilization of bone resources in yak.