| With the improving of living standards in China,the health of people was challenged by a series of "modern diseases" such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and inflammatory bowel disease.The international community paid more and more attentions to using natural bioactive-compounds to prevent these diseaseses.The purpose of this paper is to conduct a basic research on the content,distribution,physico-chemical properties,bioactivities and their mechanism of phytochemicals in sugarcane and to provide a basic experiment basis for future development of bioactive-compounds from sugarcane.The main results were as follows:1.The node of both cultivars contained the highest total triterpenoid content.However,the highest total phenolic content(TPC),total flavonoid content(TFC)and total sterol content(TSC)were found in the rind.Green-rind sugarcane cultivars contained higher TSC,lower TPC and TFC than the red-rind sugarcane cultivars in most parts.Furthermore,TPC and TFC revealed good correlations with DPPH and FRAP.2.Non-saponifiable phytochemicals from sugarcane rind mainly contained 1-octacosanol(45.17%),stigmasterol(9.12%),β-sitosterol(8.23%)and campesterol(4.5%).The non-saponifiable phytochemicals was stable up to 245.64±2.04 ℃.However,when the temperature continued to rise,the non-saponifiable phytochemicals and their oxidation products started to oxidize.3.A simple method based on direct saponification followed by RP-HPLC analysis was developed.The results exhibited that stigmasterol(varied from 883.3±23.5 to 1823.9±24.5 μg/g dry weigh)and β-sitosterol(varied from 117.6±19.9 to 801.4±33.5 μg/g dry weight)were two major phytosterols in the sugarcane and the glycosylated forms accounted for almost 87.0%of stigmasterol and 87.5%of β-sitosterol in sugarcane,respectively.4.When extracted in optimum conditions(liquid-solid ratio 7.94:1 mL/g,extraction temperature 50℃ and extraction time 5.98 h)the sugarcane lipids extraction yield was 6.55 ± 0.28%.It was in good consistence with the predictive value 6.47%.After saponification and solid-phase extraction steps,the extractions were determined by GC-MS.β-Sitosterol,stigmasterol and campesterol were prevailing phytosterols in the sample and fucosterol,gramisterol were also identified as minor sterols.5.Mice treated with DSS developed severe mucosal colitis,with a marked distortion and crypts loss of colonic surface epithelium.Both β-sitosterol and stigmasterol significantly inhibited colon shortening,lowered fecal hemoglobin contents,and reduced histopathology scores(P<0.05).They also significantly inhibited colony stimulating factor-1 and the nuclear translocation of inflammatory master regulator NF-κB.Stigmasterol also inhibited colonic expression of cyclooxygenase-2.Stigmasterol had higher anti-inflammatory effects than β-sitosterol.6.Stigmasterol and P-sitosterol significantly decreased liver weight,hepatic lipids,plasma lipids and histopathology scores.Phytsoterols decrease the absorption of lipid from diet by decreasing the intestinal bile acid and increasing the exertion of lipid into feces.Total of 192 individual lipids in liver were detected by lipidomics analysis.Stigmasterol treatment significantly changed 63 species while β-sitosterol only changed 7 species.Total of 219 individual lipids were detected in plasma.Stigmasterol treatment significantly changed 39 species and β-sitosterol significantly changed 54 species.In addition,stigmasterol decreased hepatic lipogenic gene expression(SCD1,FAS)by decreasing the circulating ceramides.Phytosterol may be salutary in prevention or treatment of NAFLD through diet,and stigmasterol was more recommended than β-sitosterol. |
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