Experimental Photonic Quantum Computation

The present dissertation devotes to experimental optical quantum information processing.We demonstrate five quantum speed-up algorithms:(1)For many-particle quantum measurement problem of exponential complexity,we implement two efficient quantum measurement algorithms for quantum density matrix and quantum entanglement,respectively.(2)To meet the challenge of operations of large-scale matrix and vector in big-data age,we demonstrate two exponential speedup algorithms concerning matrix-inverse and vector-inner-product problems.(3)Boson sampling algorithm with respect to matrix permanents provides the opportunity to achieve quantum supremacy in the near term.We realize a high-efficiency five photons boson sampling algorithm.In addition to quantum algorithm demonstrations,we also for the first time implement single photon quantum teleportation of multiple degrees of freedom and develop the world's best solid single photon source for scalable optical quantum information processing.