Study On Bacterial Diversity Of The Glacier A Foreland, Arctic And Polyphasic Taxonomy Analysis Of Five Novel Species And Genera

Along with glaciers retreating and the habitated microbial succession in Arctic due to global warming, a large number of new microbial resources should be discovered and protected.In this study, we have isolated 240 strains from the soil samples (Q6, Q7, Q8 and Q9) collected in arctic glacier forefront and they were affiliated of six phylum, Proteobacteria (54.92%), Actinobacteria (32.12%), Bacteroidetes (7.77%), Firmicutes (4.15%) and Verrucomicrobia (1.04%). Furthermore, the isolates can be divided into 42 genera; Pseudomonas (20.72%), Arthrobacter (13.98%) and Sphingomonas (12.43%) were the dominant genera. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, we have discovered 11 strains, which can be considered as the novel taxa, and conducted their polyphasic taxonomy.Following glacier retreat, the composition of the microbial community changes and develops to the abundant diversity of bacteria, specially the bacteria capable of growth under mesotherm temperature.Strain MC 3726T is Gram-reaction-negative, non-motile, aerobic bacterium. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that it belonged to the genus Luteolibacter. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed 93.18,92.54 and 92.44% sequence similarity, respectively, with those of the type strains of Luteolibacter cuticulihirudinis E 100T, Luteolibacter pohnpeiensis A4T-83T and Luteolibacter yonseiensis EBTL01T. Cell walls of strain MC 3726T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP) as the diagnostic amino acid. The strain MC 3726T contained iso-C14:0 (38.28%), C06:0 (15.89%), C16:1 ?9c (14.24%), iso-C16:0 (10.42%) and anteiso-C15:0 (5.75%) fatty acids as the predominant cellular fatty acids, MK-9 and MK-10 as the major respiratory quinones, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipid. The DNA G+C content was 60.7 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain MC 3726T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Luteolibacter, for which the name Luteolibacter arcticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MC 3726T (=CCTCC AB 2014275T= LMG 28638T).Strain MC 3718T is Gram-reaction-negative and aerobic bacterium, forms orange colony. The cells were motile with either a polar or a subpolar flagellum and reproduced by budding or asymmetric cell division. Many cells contained a single big granule in polar or in middle and several small intracellular granules consisting of polyphosphate. Cell walls contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic amino acid, and ubiquinone-10 was the main respiratory quinone. The strain MC 3718T contained Summed feature 3 (comprising C16:1 ?7c ?/?C16:1 ?6c,29.49%), Summed feature 8 (comprising C18:1 ?7c ?/? C18:1 ?6c,29.38%), C17:1?6c (10.15%), C14:0 2-OH (9.05%) and C16:0 (6.84%) as the major cellular fatty acids. The main polar lipids were two sphingoglycolipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, three unknown phospholipids and two unknown polar lipids. Carotenoids were detected from the cells. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain MC 3718T belonged to the family Sphingomonadaceae. The DNA G+C content was 67.2 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain MC 3718T is considered to represent a novel genus and species in the family Sphingomonadaceae, for which the name Sphingoaurantiacus polygranula gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MC 3718T (=CCTCC AB 2014274T= LMG 28636T).Strain MC 3624T is Gram-reaction-negative, non-motile, aerobic bacterium, forms a pale orange colony. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain MC 3624T belonged to the genus Roseomonas. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed 93.33,93.24 and 93.05% sequence similarity, respectively, with those of the type strains of Roseomonas stagni HS-69T, Roseomonas riguiloci 03SU10-PT and Roseomonas tokyonensis K-20T. The predominant fatty acids were C16:0 (17.73%), C18:1 w7c llmethyl (13.43%), Summed Feature 3(C16:1?7c ?/? C16:1?6c,10.11%) and Summed Feature 8 (C18:1?6c ?/? C18:1?7c,38.25%); the major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10; the main polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and two unidentified aminolipids. The DNA G+C content was 68.9 mol%. Carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series were produced. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain MC 3624T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Roseomonas, for which the name Roseomonas arcticsoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MC 3624T (=CCTCC AB 2014278T=LMG 28637T).Strain D07T is Gram-reaction-negative, non-motile, aerobic bacterium, forms a pale orange colony. The cells were reproduced by budding cell division. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain D07T belonged to the genus Chryseobacterium. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed 93.83 and 93.31% sequence similarity, respectively, with those of the type strains of Chryseobacterium contaminans C26T and C. taklimakanense X-65T. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 OH, C16:0 and iso-C14:0; the major respiratory quinone was MK-6; the main polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified aminolipids and unidentified polar lipids. The DNA G+C content was 49.3 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain D07T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Chryseobacterium, for which the name Chryseobacterium frigidus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D07T (=CCTCC AB 2011160T).Strain LRZ-2T is Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile, aerobic bacterium, forms a yellow colony. The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, anteiso A-C15:1, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C15:0; the major respiratory quinone was MK-7; strain contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, unidentified phospholipids and unidentified aminolipids. The peptidoglycan type was found to be A3 a. The DNA G+C content was 75.5 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis showed that strain LRZ-2T can be considered as the member among the order Micrococcales. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed 96.91% sequence similarity with that of the type strains of Luteimicrobium album R1148-LilO5T. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain LRZ-2T is considered to represent a novel family, genus and species of the order Micrococcales, for which the names Brevirhabdusaceae fam. nov., Brevirhabdus siccagranuli gen. nov., sp. nov. are proposed respectively. The type strain is LRZ-2T (=CCTCC AB 2012163T).