The Comparative Study On R&D Input And Its Output Efficiency Of Provinces In China

With the rapid development of globalization and knowledge economy, scienceand technology has increasingly become the main driving force of economic andsocial development, regional competitiveness is more dependent on technologicalinventions within the region, simulating innovation, introduction and absorption andinnovation, as well as the transformation, application and diffusion of technologythan ever. Technological innovation has become a key factor in determining thestrength of regional economic growth and the industrial development level. R&Dinvestment is the material basis and an important prerequisite of scientific andtechnological progress is the main driving force that directly promotes scientific andtechnological progress, and is also an indispensable important factor of economicgrowth. Increase R&D investment will help enterprises to obtain returns to scale,helps to form the whole industry and industry agglomeration economy, and helps totransform the economic growth mode and optimize the industrial structure, andpromote economic growth.China is a vast country, there are large population, the regional natural resources,factor endowments, infrastructure and industrial policy is different, which makeregional R&D investment in a larger difference, and the impact on economic growthis also different. Based on this, the author take " The Comparative Study on R&DInput and Its Output Efficiency of Provinces in China" as the paper topics, on thebasis of system combing relevant theory and research literature, comprehensivelyanalyzes the R&D input-output from different angles, study deeply the differencesand influence factor of R&D investment and output efficiency by using quantitative analysis method, discussed the contribution R&D investment makes to the economicgrowth, and thus made specific recommendations which conform to the reality of ourcountry.First, reviewing the evolution course of R&D investment in China, andmastering the overall situation of R&D investment and R&D funding in theevolution. The study found that our R&D investment is expanding and getting closeto the level of innovation-oriented country. Our R&D funding mostly comes fromthe enterprise funds and government funds, mainly test development research. In theexecutive bodies of R&D activities, the corporate R&D funding is mainly from theenterprise funds, focusing on test development. R&D funding for research anddevelopment institutions is mainly from the government, both in applied researchand experimental development. Institutions of higher learning mostly come from thegovernment and the enterprise, mainly for applied research and basic research. Eachof the executive body of the R&D expenditure purposes has high similarity, and all isgiven priority to with daily spending. Distribution of R&D personnel and R&Dfunding distribution remained the same.Second, based on analysis of the evolution of the R&D input, doing acomparative study the change of R&D funding and R&D personnel in differentprovinces and cities and analyzing the differences of R&D investment in thedifferent provinces. The study found that Our R&D funding distribution is extremelyuneven, and inter-provincial differences are huge. R&D expenditure scale andintensity of R&D expenditure presents gradient distribution from east to west. R&Dfunding is closely related with regional economic development, economic structure,leading industry size and ownership structure, location, and numbers of the executivebodies of R&D activities. Specifically, regional R&D funding comes mainly frombusiness and government, the area where the second industry is more developed andareas with high natural resource endowment could get more money from enterprise; more government funding put in the region which has many research institutes andhigher learning; A coastal area which has a higher degree of opening up has veryhigh proportion of foreign capital.Third, using the methods of panel data analysis, and researching the mainfactors of the gap of R&D investment in our country and the gap of R&D investmentin different provinces. The study found that intensity of R&D funds input is affectedby many factors, and the roles of different factors are quite different. Through paneldata measurement, R&D spending in China is mainly affected by the role ofgovernment, and the industrial structure follows. The level of economic development,economic openness, and R&D investment in human capital also has positive effect,but the effect is relatively weak. Provincial regression results show that the impact ofeach factor on east-central-west regions is progressively decreasing, a major role inthe eastern provinces.Fourth, the evolution of the R&D input and output of our country and thedifference between provinces were analyzed. The study found that our R&Dinput-output achievement is growing, and the inter-provincial difference isexpanding. With the growth of R&D investment, patent outputs is increasing byyears, mainly to utility new patents, design patents, followed by a minimum ofinvention patents, mostly from industrial enterprises. Higher patent output areas aremainly in the eastern region, especially in the industrial enterprises concentratedareas. From the point of technical income types, the direct economic benefits ofR&D input and output in China are mainly distributed in both technologydevelopment and technical services; From the perspective of intellectual propertyrights constitute, distributed mainly in the field of technical secrets and not coveredthe field of intellectual property rights; From the point of technology, is givenpriority to with electronic information technology and advanced manufacturingtechnology; From the point of social and economic goals, it is mainly used for promoting the development of industry. It is worth noting that the direct economicbenefits of R&D input and output in China which are just provinces technologymarket clinch a deal the value of differences, mainly in Beijing and Shanghai.Fifth, the evolution of the R&D input and output efficiency in China and thedifferences between provinces. The study found that R&D input output efficiency inChina volatile, provincial difference between different. Patent output from the R&Dfunds input, research and development institutions and institutions of higher learningof provinces and cities and mainly on basic research and applied research ofprovinces and cities, production efficiency is relatively high. From the efficiency ofR&D funds of patent output, high level of economic development of provinces andcities and industrial enterprise R&D spending for test development of the easterncoastal provinces and cities, has high production efficiency.From the R&Dpersonnel’s paper input-output efficiency, research and development institutions andinstitutions of higher learning agglomeration of provinces and cities, includingBeijing and Shanghai, their production efficiency are higher. Patent output from theR&D personnel input efficiency, higher level of economic development, large scaleindustrial enterprises and industrial agglomeration with higher levels of the easternprovinces and cities have high production efficiency. Direct economic benefits fromthe R&D funds input, source of R&D funds input, R&D funds investment main body,the structure of the R&D spending, R&D human capital investment, regionaleconomic development level and economic structure, the influence of such factors asthe output efficiency has frequent fluctuations and provincial differences.Sixth, To be analyzed from the perspective of the theory, different regions anddifferent provinces, cities and the role of R&D investment on regional economicgrowth, and empirically tested. The study found that the relationship between centraland western R&D input and economic growth show significant positive. Ourcountry’s R&D input the regional difference is obvious. In other words, the east of R&D input is higher, and the affect of economic growth also larger; Provinces andcities in central and western regions, input R&D is relatively concentrated. Far lessthan the Eastern provinces of the investment, the degree of impact on economicgrowth is relatively small, but with time flies, the eastern, central and westernprovinces R&D input to expand to different extent, also has significant influence oneconomic growth. The R&D investment of the national and also the eastern, centraland western three regional are playing a positive role in promoting economic growth,explanting that policy implementation to promote technology innovation is good foreconomic growth. It is important to note that from the perspective of the regressioncoefficient of R&D input, the driving effect on economic growth of the R&D inputwhich is characterized by science and technology innovation are mainly appearingthe characteristics of the gradient descending on the east side to the west on thespatial dimensionIn conclusion, the intensity of R&D fund investment in China is increasingly tothe level of innovative country, provincial R&D input showed obvious difference,different provinces are affected by many factors, and the output efficiency is not verysatisfactory. The function of government is very important in the process ofpromoting R&D funds input and building the innovative country. The governmentshould clarify its position in the R&D activities, in the meanwhile of protection theR&D input and output external environment, if should develop the advantage effectof the regional leading industry, establish industrial enterprises with highertechnology to lead the regional science development, thus to induce the progress andinnovation of scientific and technological to promote economic growth.