| Economic development relies on development of enterprises, while the latterdepends on competitiveness of enterprises. Since2008when the US began to betrapped in subprime mortgage crisis, many large-scale enterprises around the worldhave gone bankrupt or been sold, which leads to changes in the world’s industrialstructure. Under this premise, how to grasp opportunity to get rid of the huge impactbrought about by the economic crisis and occupy a favorable position in the newmarket structure as soon as possible becomes an important topic for China, which isthe world’s second-largest economy.From the perspective of development situation of domestic enterprises in China,the smooth implementation of reform of SOEs made a considerable number ofenterprises realize significant development, especially those centrally-administeredSOEs subordinate to State-owned Assets Supervision and AdministrationCommission of the State Council, which gained relatively obvious advantagescompared to other enterprises in China from the aspect of scale, efficiency andinnovation ability and became a group of pillar enterprises for economicdevelopment of China; from the international perspective, some enterprisessubordinate to State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission ofthe State Council have been listed among the Top500Enterprises in the world, andthe number and ranking of such enterprises have been growing year after year.Therefore, centrally-administered SOEs of China are the best choice for representingChina in participating in new market competition; in addition, as for the nature ofownership of centrally-administered SOEs, it is of profound significance that theyparticipate in new market competition in the world as the Vanguard and establish an image for Chinese Brands in the future.The first step for centrally-administered SOEs to get rid of restrictions imposedby economic crisis and participate in a new round of international competition is tounderstand their development situation. In this paper, detailed analysis oncentrally-administered SOEs is made primarily based on their competitiveness.Firstly, it is introduced at the beginning of this paper that new market opportunitiesemerging after subprime mortgage crisis have become the focus of various countries;to develop enterprises and occupy a position in the world’s industry chain hasbecome a most concerned issue among all countries in the world. It is indicated inthis paper that centrally-administered SOEs are the core strength of China in theprocess of participating in new market competition and it is of great significance todevelop centrally-administered SOEs for China’s economic development. Secondly,literatures on the reform of SOEs are collected in this paper and literatures related tothe current situation of SOEs are sorted out and analyzed from five aspects, namelyissue of property right reform, issue of management mechanism, issue of innovationability, issue of efficiency and comprehensive evaluation. Subsequently, briefintroduction to some classic competition theories in economics (competition theoriesin classical economics, competition theories of Harvard School, competition theoriesof Chicago School, competition theories of New Austrian School, theory ofcontestable market, theory of transaction cost and competition theories in MarxistEconomics), theory of core competiveness of enterprises as well as theory of valuechain and industry chain is made in this paper. Three aspects of competitiveness ofcentrally-administered SOEs are summarized and evaluated, namely thatcompetitiveness in scale, competitiveness in efficiency and competitiveness ininnovation ability of enterprises. The current bottleneck and advantages faced bycentrally-administered SOEs in promoting their core competitiveness are analyzedand discussed in the third section of this paper through the combination of actualdata of enterprises in2012, the application of statistical method of analytic hierarchy process and detailed comparison of competitiveness between centrally-administeredSOEs in China and leading enterprises in other countries from the same industry,which is different from most literatures remaining on the level of theoreticalexposition. In this paper, samples of enterprises concern six basic industries,including industry of metal products, mining and crude oil production, petroleumindustry, public utility, automobiles and auto parts as well as engineeringconstruction. In the fourth section, scope of industry is expounded based on variousindustries, industrial development situation is analyzed and analysis is made on thesituation of competitiveness of centrally-administered SOEs from various industriesbased on evaluation result obtained in the third section. In the fifth section, majorfactors influencing the competitiveness of centrally-administered SOEs are discussedbased on result of the above analysis from five aspects, including problems left overby history, enterprise management and system, corporate culture, innovation andbrand of enterprises; specific problems in each aspect are pointed out with thecombination of relevant information and result of this evaluation. From the aspect ofproblems left over by history, there exist regional differences in the development ofcentrally-administered SOEs on the macro level; reform of SOEs in old industrialbases relatively lags behind and there is still the phenomenon of enterprisesburdened with social services. From the aspect of enterprise management, there existproblems in system of recruitment for managers; incentive and restrictionmechanism are still incomplete. From the aspect of corporate culture, somecentrally-administered SOEs have achieved good results; however some enterprisesstill focus on formality in their corporate culture construction. From the aspect ofenterprise innovation, major problems include that self-innovation ability of someenterprises is not sufficient, the period for introduction of technology, learning,absorption and re-innovation is relatively long as well as core technologies of mostenterprises still highly depend on external factors, which causes those enterprises tostay at the low end of the world’s industry chain for a long time. From the aspect of brand building, there emerge a small number of centrally-administered SOEs withbrand effect; however, most centrally-administered SOEs still don’t have a highpopularity in the world market. In the last section of this paper, corresponding policymeasures are tentatively proposed based on content in the fifth section.Through the evaluation and analysis on competitiveness of centrally-administered SOEs in this paper, it is pointed out that the weakest link ofcentrally-administered SOEs, compared to their advanced counterparts from thesame industry, is still insufficiency in scale; and their efficiency and input in researchand development are getting close to advanced level in the world. In futuredevelopment of centrally-administered SOEs, input in research and developmentneeds to be maintained and increased; meanwhile, reform on managementmechanism of enterprises should be deepened and efficiency of enterprises should befurther improved. Secondly, reform on scale of enterprises needs to be deepened inorder to prepare enterprises for adapting to more fierce market competition in thefuture. Centrally-administered SOEs may expand their scale through merger andacquisition and complete production specifications for relevant industries as well asdecrease and eliminate the disadvantages brought about by years of extensiveeconomic development. Only in this way, problems such as environmental pollutionand waste of resources can be solved as soon as possible.In conclusion, there is still considerable room for centrally-administered SOEsto improve their competitiveness and there is still a long way to go for reform in thefuture. |
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