The Comparative Study Of The Distinctions Between Nouns And Quantifiers In Modern Chinese And Vietnamese

Quantifier is a very special part of speech in both Chinese and Vietnamese, it not only embodies human’s thinking mode which always based on images, but also delivers a strong sense of national characteristics. Both in China and Vietnamese, quantifier can be divided into noun classifiers and verb classifiers. Then, each part can be classified into several small parts. From macro perspectives, noun classifiers have two parts: special-noun-classifiers and temporary-noun-classifiers. The former part is combined with nouns conventionally, it cannot be changed; but the later part is words which borrowed from nouns and verbs. With the analogizing, it has a large number of quantifiers. Because of the limited space, this article mainly focuses on the comparative study of the distinction between Chinese and Vietnamese in noun classifiers of quantifier. We will carry out analysis, comparisons and research on the semantics, sentence structure, and the pragmatics of dedicated nouns and quantifiers, provisional nouns and quantifiers and common quantifiers "ge" and "cai" in Chinese compared with Vietnamese. This article has six chapters.The first chapter is introduction. It discusses the reason why the author chose this subject, the significance of study, and research status of quantifiers both in China and Vietnam. This part also introduces the scope, method, resources and theoretical basis of subject.The second part defines the concrete concepts and classifications. In order to grasp the characters of quantifiers both in Chinese and Vietnamese clearly, and to create a solid foundation for next chapters, the author will introduce the definitions, characters and functions of quantifiers and point out the personal view of classifications. The third chapter is the comparative study of quantifiers both in Chinese and Vietnamese. This part mainly focuses on the semantic, syntax and pragmatics of noun classifiers of quantifiers. According to semantics, it begins with the specific character of noun classifiers, to find out the similarities and differences. Then classify the special non quantifiers into three parts:"Human","Animals" and "objects". Moreover, the "objects" part can also be classified into "linear quantifiers","punctuate quantifiers","planar quantifiers" and "cubic quantifiers". Search for the differences between them. Both in China and Vietnam, quantifiers can be an attributive, subject, object, predicate, complement and adverb, but differs at locations and expressions. According to the pragmatic part, based on the common senses among human beings, it has little disparity between Chinese and Vietnamese.The forth part talks about the temporary-noun quantifiers. This chapter firstly discusses the research status of temporary-noun quantifiers. Then according to the comparative study among classifications, semantics sequence of phrases and pragmatics, the author has discovered the differences between Chinese and Vietnamese, thus in Vietnam, relative terms can be served as temporary-noun quantifiers. For instance, in Vietnamese, They can say"mot chu buom"(一叔叔蝴蝶)、"mot chi cong nhan"(一姐姐工人), whereas in Chinese they don’t speak in that way but "a butterfly" and "a female worker". The temporary-noun quantifiers have derogatory sense and commendatory sense. As for the sequence of phrase and pragmatics, they are almost same in Chinese and Vietnamese.The fifth chapter studies the quantifiers which are used with high frequency (generic refering quantifiers)----take Chinese"个" and Vietnamese "cai" for examples. In Chinese,"个" as a general quantifier, it can be used as non-special-quantifier and special-quantifier,"cai" and "个"have so many features in common. In this chapter, the author will find out the relative resources between "个" and "cai". Therefore, according to the development of "cai" and the common use of "个", the author has pointed out some personal opinions about this subject.The last chapter is conclusion. It summarizes the main point of the article, and makes a plan for further study.The author believes that, this thesis paper could help learners figure out the key points of differences of noun-quantifier between Chinese and Vietnamese, and help them get a better understanding of Chinese noun quantifiers and its semantics, pragmatics in order to translate each country’s literature in a correct way. Last but not least, the author hopes that this paper can make a contribution to the career for teaching Chinese as a second language and teaching Vietnamese as a second language.