| As an ecological protective belt and water conservation district for eastern china, the agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China is located in transitional zone of farmland ecosystem and the grassland ecosystem, has important status. However, it is also the environmental fragile zone with serious ecological problems such as desertification and grassland shrinkage. Valuation of ecosystem services, providing an important basis for the ecological problems and establishing mechanism of ecological restoration, has become a hot topic of ecological research in the past few years. According to the research of ecosystem services value at home and abroad, a evaluation system has been established including7scientific and rational indicators, was used to evaluate ecosystem services values in agro-pastoral ecotone of china, also by using theory of landscape ecology, ecological economics, soil erosion, mathematical statistics and technology of GIS. The evaluation results was also verified by ecological footprint model, and in-depth analyzed from the relationship between land surface and regional climate change, in order to clarify the underlying surface area characteristics and regional environmental climate response mechanism. The main results were as follows:(1) An evaluation system has been established including7scientific and rational indicators, the results of ecosystem services value in agro-pastoral area of North China showed that:the value of pastoral area was higher than agricultural and agro-pastoral areas before1990, however the value of agricultural area was much higher than pastoral and agro-pastoral areas after2005. the value of pastoral area in the overall downward trend even fluctuated from1990to2005."Ecological rift valley" was emerged from Chifeng (Inner Mongolia) to Shenmu (Shanxi) based on ecosystem value after1990, and it was not disappeared until2004, it was extend to northeast conversely.(2) An ecological footprint model has been founded was used to verify ecosystem services value, the results showed that:Per capita ecological footprint were increased significantly from1989to2004in agro-pastoral area and farming area, while was wave ascending in pastoral area. The increasing extent of agricultural area was higher than pastoral and agro-pastoral areas. Changes in per capita ecological carrying capacity of study areas were not obvious. The ecological deficits also were increased year by year, and with a degree of increase in agricultural areas was the strongest, followed by zone. From an average of15years, agro-pastoral area was in a state of non-sustainable development with the highest per capita ecological footprint and less per capita ecological deficit, it was significant increasing in per ecological deficit stimulated by economic development and population growth. Lower ecological footprint per capita in farming area as a whole, but fastest-increasing trend, ecological deficit increase most obvious, ecological problems cannot be ignored.(3) The average annual temperature of study area was on the rise from1953to2012, while was stably with less volatile. The average annual temperature of agro-pastoral area was higher than the other areas and increased year by year, with the greater decreasing extent of annual rainfall. Hail damage, wind disasters, lightning and floods occur frequently in agro-pastoral area. Compared with the farming and pastoral areas, high temperature and low precipitation and frequent disasters, weather and more likely to cause land degradation, desertification, urgent attention must increase efforts. There were significant negative correlation between extreme weather frequency and proportion of grassland and farmland from1989to2000in agro-pastoral ecotone. Correlation between population number and proportion of grassland and farmland was significant negatively, however, completely opposite with correlation between population number and annual average temperature. The regional underlying surface composition were changed by increasing population and frequent human actives, and consequently brought in the regional climate change. |
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