The Impact Of Tourism Expansion On The Urban Economic Growth

The relationship of tourism and economic growth is always an important topic in tourism economic research. The research about this topic at home and abroad mainly concentrated on relationships and constraints. A common consensus is that the development of tourism has a significant role in promoting economic growth, and it is mainly manifested in influence on the scale of economic growth. Meanwhile, research about the impact of tourism development to the rate of economic growth which reflects the vitality of the economy and national welfare which reflects the quality of economic is relatively insufficient, so the understanding about economic impact of tourism is long-term constrained by a single research framework that the development of the tourism industry on the scale of the growth, and the expansion of tourism on the internal structure of economic growth and the influence mechanism has no powerful research conclusion.After more than30years of reform and opening-up, tourism obtained a rapid development in our country, especially in city tourism has made great development, tourism urbanization phenomenon becomes an important feature of the domestic tourism. This makes urban tourism economy research urgent need for more theoretical support. For a long time, due to the difficulty of data sampling, the effects of tourism development to economic growth is more in accordance with the national level, provincial level or a single city. Based on empirical analysis of tourism to the city economic impact needs to be further, especially the research about the role of the tourism industry to the internal structure of urban economy and transmission mechanism is relatively scarce. Follow the above research, this article, using model reasoning, comparative analysis and econometric methods, has carried on the multiple perspectives of theoretical exploration and empirical analysis. This paper uses the new economic geography theory, analyzes tourism resources transfer effect and the income effect of expansion on economic growth, discusses the mechanism that the urban tourism effect to the economy structure; Combining with the knowledge of regional economics and tourism economics, the paper demonstrates the impact of tourism on the scale and speed of economic growth by using fixed effect panel data estimation method, studies the relationship between different types of urban tourism and the economies of scale and the growth rate, uses panel cointegration analysis method to study the city tourism influence on investment in fixed assets, opening up to the outside world, the human capital investment, manufacturing investment, institutional quality and scientific and technological innovation in economic growth, which answered the inner transmission mechanism of tourism expansion on economic growth. Specifically, the thesis is divided into eight chapters.The first chapter is the introduction, which elaborates the background and significance of the thesis, the research purposes and research methods, basic ideas and research framework, as well as papers innovation; the second chapter is literature review. Firstly, from the perspective of multiplier effects, trade effects and national welfare, etc, it summaries the relationship between tourism and economic growth, and analyzes tourism expansion promoting economic growth hypothesis and the possible negative effects, such as to de-industrialization, the Dutch disease, crowding-out effect and so on; Secondly, specifically from the perspective of research methods to sort out the relationship between tourism and economic growth; Thirdly, it mainly summes up the research about the impact of tourism on the city economy; Finally, it conducts a comprehensive review of the literature from the perspective of content, research methods and objects. The third chapter is the analysis of the related theory of city tourism and economic growth. Based on the introduction and defining the relevant concepts, it discusses the relationship between tourism and economic growth in the city, analyzes the impact of tourism on the urban economy and its industrial structure, spatial structure by constructing two theoretical models with general equilibrium analysis. It also studies the impact of the resources movement effect and the spending effects from the point of view of the national welfare. The fourth chapter is the empirical analysis of tourism expansion and urban economic growth. Mainly basing on40typical domestic tourism cities as samples, the chapter analyzes the impact of tourism on scale and speed of economic growth by using Panel data estimation method. Internal reasons were explained by the multiplier effect theory and the resource curse theory. The fifth chapter is based on the different types of division of the cities, analyzes the impact of tourism expansion of the scale and speed of them. The sixth chapter is the empirical research about tourism influencing approach to the urban economy. Basing on panel co-integration test of relevant variables, the chapter examines the relationship between tourism and investment in fixed assets, human capital, manufacturing sector, openness, and institutional quality, scientific and technological innovation.The seventh chapter is the suggestions, according to the above theoretical analysis and empirical research conclusions, it is proposed to reasonable understand of the status of tourism in the urban economy. First of all, from the point of external relations, scientific understanding of the positive and negative effects of the expansion of tourism on economic growth, we point out that the importance of the development of new-type industrialization in cities and how to prevent tourism de-industrialization effects. Secondly, it proposed to go inclusive growth of the tourism industry, focusing on the growth prerequisites, process elements and the results of allocations. The eighth chapter is research conclusion and main problems.The main conclusions are as follows:No.1tourism expansion promotes the growth of urban economies of scale, but the effect is limited.Through panel data unit root and cointegration test, the paper estimates that the expansion of city tourism is conducive to the growth of economic scale. Specifically, the city tourism industry which increased one point outputs would drive the urban total economic output increasing on0.171points. Further, Combination of factors such as tourism, fixed assets, and labor input influence economic growth of coastal cities is larger than the western cities. By the variable coefficient parameter estimation method, we found that the vast majority of the city tourism promotes a positive impact on urban economic growth, but the effect is limited.No.2The impact of tourism to city economy growth speed presents a U-shaped non-linear relationship. Based on literature research, it builds econometric models including tourism, manufacturing, fixed assets, human capital, openness, institutional quality, scientific and technological progress as well as urban initial level and other factors. With the analysis of measurement test and panel cointegration, we found that role of tourism to the city’s per capita real GDP growth rate showed a coefficient negative, quadratic term coefficient is positive, a U nonlinear relationship between the expansion of city tourism and economic growth rate. Based on the regression results of quadratic square coefficient, roughly turning point about the relationship between tourism and economic growth is0.482.No.3for different types of city, the economic impact of tourism expansion is different.Through40tourist cities are further classified, it found that the contributions of tourism expansion to tourism ascending City of economies of scale is the most significant, followed by steady-oriented city, and the decline city is not obvious. Secondly. It further confirmed the impact of tourism on the scale of economic growth about both large and small and medium-sized cities are more significant, for large city performance is not outstanding. For the rate of economic growth, the role of tourism industry to large cities is not obvious. Thirdly, for the different location of cities, tourism expansion could all promote economic growth, but for the growth rate, Midwest Cities exhibit more significant weakening effect than in the east.No.4Tourism affecting conduction variables of economic growth showed differenceThe expansion of tourism is conducive to stimulating investment in fixed assets so as to promote economic growth, the cities opening up to the outside world at the same time also showed a significant complementary relationship. By the cities classified with a fixed effects model panel regression, the expansion of tourism in the eastern city showed a more significant role in the promotion of opening. At the same time, it showed varying degrees of substitution between tourism and manufacturing, human capital, institutional quality, and scientific and technological progress.