Research Analysis On Energy Efficient MAC And Routing Protocols For Wireless Sensor Network With Instigation Of Novel Energy Efficient Routing Algorithm

The attractiveness of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has been augmented immensely in recent time due to potential growth in Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology. WSN has potentiality to connect the physical world with the virtual world by structuring a network of sensor nodes. Deployed sensor nodes are typically battery operated devices, and due to the intricacy in recharging or replacing the battery of each node in a wireless sensor network, the energy efficiency of the system is a major concern. To extend the network’s lifetime, minimization of energy utilization should be implemented at all layers of the network protocol stack starting from the physical up to the application layer.In a regular sensor node, there are three activities that are the core sources of energy consumption sketch out as sensing, computation, and radio operations. Out of those three sources, energy loss due to radio operation is the maximum one. Thus, the communication protocols used for wireless sensor networks must be energy efficient in order to maximize the network life time.This thesis covers a novel routing algorithm called Multi-Group based LEACH (MG-LEACH) that has been utilized the redundant deployed sensor nodes to improve the network life time. It has been suppressing the correlated data gathered by the sensor nodes by monitoring the similar event. Thus reduces not only the data transmission inside the clusters but also conserve the energy of deployed sensor nodes consequently improve the over all network lifetime. This is a simple idea that has been implemented over LEACH protocol however it is valid for almost all clustering based routing algorithms/protocols specially those variants based upon frame work of LEACH.The proposed routing algorithm has been simulated using MATLAB to verify the efficiency in enhancing network life time. A critical evaluation of routing algorithm is conducted to determine the relevance and applicability in increasing network life time. Simulation results confirmed that it has performed better than LEACH and enhanced network life time up to approximately90%.In addition to novel routing algorithm technique, it also covers research analysis of design strategy for energy efficient MAC Protocols along with outlining drawbacks and shortcoming of existing energy efficient MAC protocols used in wireless sensor networks. The main difference in wireless sensor network along with other conventional and ad-hoc networks has been presented. Comparative analysis has been made for updated MAC protocols. Besides it covers research analysis of challenges and Design Issues of routing protocols used in wireless sensor networks. Factors affecting performance of routing protocols has been discussed briefly. Routing models and their comparative analysis has been prepared. Cluster based updated routing protocols has been described briefly. Comparative analysis has been made for updated routing protocols presented for WSN.As the novel algorithm presented in this thesis is based upon the frame work of LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) so LEACH a classical dynamic routing protocol has been has been discussed briefly along with its achievements and associated shortcomings. Performance analysis has been made for LEACH protocols by simulating it for different values of parameters in MATLAB.