On Gender Inequality And Education For Gender Consciousness In Colleges And Universities

In the long process of historical development,the universal existence of the patriarchal social system and culture once spread nearly throughout the world, which has created or formed such a social morphology in which, in the social gender system, and even the whole social power relations and also the construction of social and cultural awareness,women were restricted to the secondary gender position in the society, which brought about the problem of the gender inequalities between the two sexes in higher education. In higher education field,women have gradually got opportunities to participate in higher education since the rise of the Western feminist movement,but up till now there are still many problems of gender inequalities. Nowadays the issue of gender inequality in colleges and universities hasn’t been essentially solved yet. Its negative effect perhaps is outstanding day by day measured in some way. In today’s popularization of higher education, how to dispel the gender inequalities and promote the gender equality to develop has not only become an important economic problem but also an important theoretical and practical one.Now adays, gender equality and development, as a fundamental requirement of the development of human, is the most basic demand for the right relation and also an important dimension to measure and standard of a nation or society’s development.And gender equality in higher education is one of major goals in the development of gender equality. Consequently, it is highly necessary to eliminate the potential adverse effects brought about by the gender bias and gender stereotyping in colleges and universities, by paying close attention to the problem of gender consciousness education of college students centred on the issues of gender equality in higher education research field, analysing the significance of the reestablishment for the gender and social values for the students, especially the teachers and intendants in colleges and universities, which is conducive to the promotion of gender equality and advance the implementation of the basic national policy of gender equality. It explores thoroughly the gender inequalities in higher education in China from the perspective of gender, focus on critical factors that result in gender inequalities and influence of gender equality in higher education. It also clarifies the significance, necessity and feasibility for us to bring gender consciousness into the system of personnel training in colleges and universities. It puts forward the conception of rationality and practice to bring gender consciousness education into the system of personnel training in colleges and universities, tries to provide the basis and inspiration for moral education and comprehensive quality education in the new era, the reform of higher education and teacher education in order to promote gender equality of higher education and to construct advanced gender culture.The important theoretical basis for the study is gender and its development theory combined with the educational concept of gender equality. Gender and its development theory particularly focus on the development of gender inequalities between the sexes and discrimination analysis, which provides a new research perspective and analysis method for people to interpret or analyze the knowledge system and concept of sexes. The gender analysis method adopted here has already become an effective tool for people to hang the unfair gender structure and promote the development of the two sexes together. Gender and its development theory has provides us with new theory fulcrum and research perspective to study and resolve the problem of gender inequalities in higher education. This study tries to combines gender perspective with issues of gender inequalities in education organically and take gender as an important analysis means to dissect major gender inequality problems deeply from a different perspective and reveal their essence that restrict the development of gender equality. The study, based on the actual development of China’s higher education equality of gender, highlighting the gender dimension, makes an in-depth analysis and research by the means of literature review and gender analysis for the subject.The study includs five chapters:The first chapter foucus on gender inequality as the clarification of the social issue, explain the nature of gender from the perspective of Feminism, analyse how gender reflects and explains the important category of social problems starting from the creation of social gender consciousness including construction mechanism and causes of social gender;It focus on the real issues of gender inequality, the generation and representation of gender inequalities; Through nalysing the construction of gender inequalities affected by the Chinese traditional gender system, gender culture,which reveals how the issue of gender inequality stretches and spreads in Chinese history and also exists objectively in modern China. The second chapter focuses on how gender is treated as the interpretation for educational problems, which point out that gender is an important factor of educational problems and the important dimension of educational issues;The research has thrown some new light on resolving the problem of the meaning of higher education equity. Based on gender perspective and phenomena of gender differences in colleges and universities, it puts particular emphasis on the main performance of gender difference, major factor bringing about the gender inequalities in higher education and so on. The third chapter focuses on the analysis of social gender consciousness and its formation, discusses the status quo of gender consciousness of contemporary college students, discussion on connotation of gender consciousness education, education value and social value of gender consciousness by means of analysing the connotation and social value of gender consciousness education in colleges and universities, and so on. The fourth chapter focuses on a comparative analysis of the development of gender consciousness education abroad and the development status of gender consciousness education and the existing problems in Chinese colleges and universities; It argues about the characteristics of women colleges and their special function in gender consciousness education, the characteristic demonstration and practical experience in their special social gender consciousness education. The fifth chapter focuses on the main objectives and measures of gender consciousness education in colleges and universities.It investigates the construction of the gender dimension of college ethic education feature, endows college and university comprehensive qualities with gender consciousness and puts gender consciousness education into the mainstream of higher normal education. It highlights the major problem of academic research on gender issues,strengthens educational administration of gender consciousness education, regulates the construction of gender curriculum system, gives a clear proposition of the university moral education model of the implementation of general education in the construction of gender consciousness and the construction and implementation general education courses of the gender consciousness as well as body plan about standardized administration of teacher education on the gender consciousness;The study also tries to creat a model for moral education of gender development in colleges and univeersities, to form and construct major measures, to carry out the gender consciousness education, which sets talent training programs to obtain general education about gender consciousness among students and teachers.It is intended to have such a conlusion that gender is an objective reality as a social problem discussed here, and the problem of gender and gender inequalities are components of many basic social problems, which is an important category of reflection and analysis of social problems. Gender is the first cornerstone of basic social system of human society. Effects of gender and role consist in all the system, mechanism, organization and behavior of our society. Gender as a social problem, characterizes gender differentiation in which there are clearly injustice, inequality between two sexes in the basic social relations,especially in social power relations, which reflects intensively over nearly all walks of the society. The issue of gender inequalities has extended in the long history of China, and it is still the objective reality in modern China. The issue of inequalities is a social problem that is formed by a symbol of gender which actually reflects and explains the normal form of its formation and extension. The gender system and culture factors are the key for the formation of social genders. The social effect imposed on people has been directly realized by the influence of gender consciousness, among which gender perspective is the value orientation of the construction of gender and the source of consciousness of gender relations. The social nature of gender differences manly lies in gender inequality.The direct factors of its formation lies in the social and individual gender consciousness based on the traditional gender culture.The dynamic interaction between traditional gender culture environment, the main form of gender role and the individual social learning mechanism is the psychological mechanism of individual gender differences. Moreover,gender inequalities is also an objective reality for education problem which is an important factor and dimension to analyze educational issues. Gender equality is an important measure and evaluation of university education, a natural dimension to measure the development of higher education and key indicators to evaluate the quality of universities. The issue of gender inequalities is one of basic educational issues among which the issue of gender equality and development is not only a problem of educational equity but also a major issue in economic and social development. Actually there are still many problems about the gender inequality in universities.In a sense, the problem of gender inequality in higher education epitomize women’s inequality in higher education. Even in today’s condition of the popularization of higher education in our country, due to the restriction of the economic, cultural, family and other conditions including the influence of the traditional forces, for femininity in China there are serious gender inequalities on many macro or micro level. There are obvious gender inequalities between men and women in the matter of entrance opportunity, educational process, educational outcomes and status of gender consciousness, regardless of the quantity, level and quality for women’s high education. Focusing on higher education, what brings about the issues of gender inequalities in higher education originates from the educational system itself, and the main external cause lies in the traditional gender culture, among which the key and potential factor that causes the issue of gender inequalities and influences gender equality and development in higher education lies in traditional gender ideas and gender consciousness. Effective way to solve the above problems is to carry out gender consciousness education. On this basis, the study has probed into some significant principles and orientations on the essential elements of gender consciousness education in higher education, which include constructing the gender consciousness cultivation orientation of moral education, endowing the professional talents educaton with gender consciouness, integrating gener consciousness into the main stream of higher normal education, highlighing the academic study on gender issues, strenghening the educational administration of gender consciousness education, and regulating the course construction on gender. Also, the research has demonstrated the major scheme concerning the higher moral education mode of constructing and practising gender consciousness general education, the paradigm of constructing and practising gender consciousness in general education curriculum system and regulating teachers’education in terms of gender consciousness. This research aims to accelerate integrated quality education reform of higher education, college and university teachers’education reform in the new era, regulate the construction of the key elements in practising gender consciousness educaton, deconstruct and eliminate gradually gender deviation in higher education, enhance gender equality in higher education, construct the advanced gender culture, propel the implementation of the basic state policy---the policy of equality between man and women in higher education, which is sure to provide convincing theoretical evidence and effective practical reference.Furthermore, the study also makes it sure that future’s research on gender consciousness education should be around theoretical construction of educational subject in higher education, theoretical study and empirical study on a level of teaching theory, research for normal teacher education, textbook construction and the empirical research in psychology in the aspect of the checkout of gender consciousness education.