Cultural Landscape And Its Changes Of Socialist Country

Although the derivation and change of rural culture due to social events, they should be accomplished by individuals on the micro-level, and the perspectives of analysis of individual actions help to discuss about the process and interaction. This paper is an object of study on the culture change and peasants’ culture behavior of village G. Vertically, it mainly focuses on the flowing deformation of cultural theme in the changes of the time; horizontally, it chiefly analyzes cultural traits which possess typicality, and experience and observe the peasants’ thinking about interpretation to environment, organizing themselves, enhancing and enriching life indeed, in order to grasp the interactive mechanism of human and culture environment, and then promote the people-oriented culture value in the great development and prosperity of socialist culture.The basic conclusion of this research is that peasants are not spectators of culture change, but actors of will. Peasants are able to select, adapt, accommodate, and create the culture by combining the social cultural environment. Peasants’ culture behavior depends on the interaction of individuals and environment. This paper summarizes and refines this interaction as the functional relationship:"CB=f(I,IE,EE)".Among this relationship,"CB" means "Culture Behavior","I" referring to "Instinct","IE" standing for "Intrinsic Environment", and "EE" representing "External Environment". Being the most stable one, instinct is dominant, but may be constrained. Intrinsic environment is decided by instinct and external environment, and adjust between them. External environment stimulates or depress the release of instinct. Some culture behavior of peasants lies on the interaction of their instinct, intrinsic environment and external environment. When peasants have the driving force of pursuing new cultural morphology, an entirely new look will take place in their spiritual mind and in the rural spiritual outlook. So reformists cannot ignore or despise peasants’subjective practice and subjective initiative. While the government using the theme to guide rural cultural development, it should grasp the interaction between individuals and culture environment, thus reaching the good effect of "civilizing people by culture".The research shows that since1948, the rural cultural theme of China has gone through three stages, i.e. political culture, market culture and multicultural. Under different cultural themes, peasants are able to select, adapt, accommodate, and create the culture by the environment of the times. This research concise and come up with the cultural practice model of peasants’subjective activity in selecting, adapting, accommodating, and creating culture in the social environment. Rural cultural change goes through three stages, and performs three types by looking from these three core variable "instinct","internal nature" and "external natural". The culture theme of village G appears in the political culture period, and peasants’ cultural practice mainly presents for the type I. Peasants can acknowledge external natural regulation, when the external natural moralization can care for the peasants’ instinct demand, and not conflict intensely with peasants’ inner natural. In the class struggle atmosphere, the political culture from external nature conflicts with the peasants’ existing instinct environment. As political culture of external nature being the strong one, peasants’ instinctive demands are hidden. In order to relieve the pressure from the external nature, peasants’ have the awareness and motivation of "situational reply".The culture theme of village G changes towards the market culture period, and peasants’ cultural practice mainly presents for the type II. After the rural reform, the external natural political culture becomes weaken, and market culture becomes the mainstream. The concept of market culture consists with peasants’ instinct demand of seeking benefits. So, the peasants can internalize the affect from the external environment quickly to form an intrinsic environment, it’s more consistent with the instinct, it can be as the behavior logic of new cultural practice. After the reform and opening-up, the market culture can quickly be accepted by peasants, and becomes the important guide of peasants’ behavior.The multi-cultural development in the21st century enriches peasants’ spiritual and cultural life and peasants’ cultural practice mainly presents for the type Ⅲ.The multi-cultural environment influences peasants not in the regulative way, but unconsciously. With the constant stimulation of multi-culture, peasants demand beyond their life instinct (leisure, entertainment, self-fulfillment, etc.) is stirred up. It can impel the peasants integrating new era element from external environment to form a intrinsic environment with characteristics of the times, thus new cultural practice activities appear.The paper structure involves the three parts of introduction, body and conclusion.The introduction includes four aspects, namely, the origin and connotation of the paper study, the related literature research at home and abroad, research methods, research area and case summary.The first chapter mainly discusses cultural landscape of village G from1948to1978. From land reform to the beginning of the reform and open policy, the cultural theme is political culture. During this period, the social cultural environment of rural areas is the political cultural environment that dominated by a political party or the government. The political concept of class struggle, collectivism and socialism is implanted into the traditional rural society as foreign culture. However, village G do not wait to be transformed by political culture. They have the unique response to the implant of political culture. Political and cultural, with the characteristics of class struggle, collapse traditional rural moral concept and the clan consciousness, and peasants’ under the external political pressure don’t completely abandon the traditional value identity but choose to hide it. When the punishment of the landlords goes beyond the limit of peasants’ habits and culture identity which have been approved, the onlooking peasants will have compassion for the landlords, and secretly offer help to their families. When the regulation of political culture of state is too strong, peasants choose not to have the binary opposition relations with the government, but derives a series of the "political wisdom" of "situational reply", which include the swimming on the "meeting of complaints", the sharing out the harvests they concealed in private and lowing the output in the wave of collective, and the adaption to socialist education movement flexibly.The second chapter mainly discusses cultural landscape of village G from1979to1999. The social cultural environment of rural area has transformed into market-oriented market-cultural environment after the reform and opening-up. With the external politically cultural pressure of village G abating, the mainstream culture of village G has been the market-oriented culture emphasizing prosperity, invigoration, and reformation. The peasants of village G conformed to the idea of "economic people" in market culture to build up family fortunes. Meanwhile, market culture accelerated the right conscious among peasants of village G. Under the circumstances that the household registration system confined the development of the peasants and their families, the wish-becoming an urban citizen occurred among the peasants. Some peasants choose to gain an urban registered permanent residence by paying money, thus achieving the identity transformation from a peasant into an urban citizen and enjoying the equal citizenship. After the reform and opening-up, the pubic culture activities in G Village have been gradually less authority-oriented. More and more public culture activities have been organized by grass roots. At the beginning of the reform and opening-up the main form of public culture in G Village is the temple fair culture combining commercial trade, entertainment, and spiritual leisure together.The third chapter mainly focuses on cultural landscape of village G from2000to2013. In the21st century, there shows a momentum of compatible and co-existent culture in rural area. Mass media features radiation, permeability and popularity, posing influences on village G in all aspects. Peasants show such an increasing eagerness for information that they begin to subscribe newspapers, read news and browse website, which become part of their cultural life. What’s more, they begin to make use of the information as an important production element. Peasants in village G gain a certain degree of cultural awareness and cultural confidence. They create a new module of public culture, which, specifically speaking is called rural plaza culture, by practicing rural square dance on the public facility-plaza so as to achieve self-entertainment. All in all, peasants in village G make use of their own advantages, take initiative to undertake city dweller’s demand to go back to nature and relax both physically and mentally and create a "rural area entertainment" culture.The fourth chapter reveals hidden cultural concerns of village G. There are some problems in its cultural development process. Clan awareness of peasants in village G is strong, but their citizen awareness is weak. They have a weak community identity and show an indifferent attitude towards public affairs in the village. With the phenomenon of more land being requisitioned, diverged and occupied, peasants whose land has not been requisitioned hope to gain profit from "planting tree" and "receiving apartment", whereas those whose land has been requisitioned get confused and lost.The fifth chapter presents conclusions and discussion. It aims to summarize the whole text and give further discussion. The chapter proposes a model of human’s interactive relationship with social environment theory by summarizing fluid change of cultural landscape during the60years in village G and its peasants’ cultural practice.