| At present,the process of modernization and urbanization is advanving at an unprecedented speed in our country. No matter the village is adjacent to the city or in the remote sites,the economic development model,cultural traditions,moral rules,ethnics,value and daily life of it are changing at different extent.The writer found some bad phenomenon like gambling,fighting and venality in the once quiet and peaceful ethnic minority villages as xanadu in preliminary field work.The national village individuals received moral education and disciplines from the elders,customes,taboos,believes in ghost and god,folk tales, ethnic myths and epics without the impact of modernization and its value.But now the reality is that these traditional moral constraint force is reduced gradually.And what do they rely on to maintain the order and harmony after lost the traditional moral factors.The writer was engaged in the field again with this question.After did a research of the daily life in Zhuang Nationality Village of Gaowen,Zhuang-Yao Nationality Town of Cuili, Congjiang Country,Guizhou Province,the write found this Zhuang nationality village which scattered and mixed in Miao,Yao and Dong nationality villages is still retaining an activity called "Duna Niu"."Duna Niu"is transliterated from Zhuang language,means planting peanuts.Peers in the village form the "Duna Niu" group spontaneously when they are7years old.And they will hold different activities,such as plant peanuts,weed,harvest peanuts,fried peanuts,have dinner together,stay up and so on.The "Duna Niu"age group and activities last from individuals childhoood to old age and they play an important role in the whole process of individuals’life.Compare Gaowen Villiage with Miao and Dong Village around it,the writer found the way of economic development is flexible in Zhuang nationality of Gaowen Village.Traditional rice farming is combined with intensive,characterized and technical new agriculture.They pay more attention to children’s education and show respect to teachers,so they give birth to talented people from generation to generation.Zhuangs have optimistic and amiable ethnic traits and temperament and hold an positive attitude towards their life.And they also have the spirit of developing and innovating. It is the interpretation to "adaptation"put forward by Mr Pan Guangdan.It is not only adapta to their nature and culture environment,but also creat initiatively during adaptation to ensure physical and mental peaceful of individuals.So the writer couldn’t help thinking whether the healthy development of Gaowen Village is related to the "Duna Niu"age group or its activities.And this question also derive some specific questions below.1、What’s the difference of the "Duna Niu"age group to the process of individual socialization?How to realise the individual constrains of moral and ethnic codes?2、To these Zhuangs who are scattered and mixed in Miao,Yao and Dong nationality villages,whether the"Duna Niu"age group or its activities contribute to national identify.In oder to answer these questions,the writer adopt many methods like questionnaire survey,interview, participatory observation in daily work and life and so on to collect primary information.These information include the "Duna Niu"age group activities,members,national identify and the changing and blending of the two Zhuang nationality towns and the family education and custom of the Zhuang nationality of Gaowen. Writer comling some documents like "Congjiang Conutry Annal"and" Southeast of Guizhou Province Prefecture Chi" and study the investigation and research results of various nationalities in southeast of Guizhou Province by some elder scholars like Gong Peihua and so on.Analyzing the date by comprehensive apply theories about sociology,psychology,pedagogy,anthropology and ethnology,at last come to the following conclusions.At first, the interactive communication between the"Duna Niu"age group is the important way to individual socialization.Group socialization theory mentioned that children realise individual socialization by identifying with the general rules and behavior rules of company groups.There are many specific mechanism of it.On one hand, the"Duna Niu" group transfer and creat social culture by interactive communication.On the other hand,the phenonmenon of "assimilation"between in "Duna Niu" group is the key to adolesent socialization. In addition,the emotional needs between the"Duna Niu" group members is the motive power of socialization.At last, the psychological field formed in the"Duna Niu" group is the effective situation of socialization.Secondly, the results of questionnnaire and interview shows that there is a high national identity in the"Duna Niu" age group.People including children from7to12years old can quickly and accurately tell their own nation in the"Duna Niu" age group.People especially the young and the middle-age hold an positive evaluation to their nation about national character,family ethnics,the level of village economic developmnet and outstanding talents.For the aspect of behaviors,they like their own ethnic language without rejecting languages of the Han, Miao,Dong and Yao nationality.They also like taking part in different activities like playing reed-pipe,associating with other villages and the"Duna Niu" party.The mechanism of national identify in the"Duna Niu" age group lies in the communicative actions between the "Duna Niu"group members objectively reach the three following functions of social needs mentioned by Habermas.Firstly, these members in the"Duna Niu" age group realize the purpose of spreading and saving the experience and knowledge via dining together and chatting.Meanwhile, they achieve the cognition of their own ethnic belonging.Secondly, the interactive communication behavior between members meet the needs of the social integration and group solidarity. So,the individuals form a strong emotional attachment to the group.The emotional attachment together with the group’s perception of ethnic and national culture formed the ethnic identity of the group’s members naturally. Thirdly, to the individual, the "Duna Niu" age group can promote individual socialization and national identity. It realised the harmonious relation between people and mentality of oneself. To the stockaded village, the "Duna Niu" age group realised the harmonious relation between individual and the society.From the eyes of pedagogy, analyzing the knowledge and social essence of the "Duna Niu" age group is a type of putting heart and soul into study and education. This form of education and the school education play a part in youngsters jointly.For the other thing,the nucleus of individual physical and mental development and rural development in the "Duna Niu" age group lies in that it has been the substrate of individual spiritual growth and a kind of spiritual comfort. The comfort and emotional attachment are the keys to rural cohesion. Also, they are the dynamism of rural self-development and domestic development. Countryside cultural reconstruction is aimed at reconstruct the spiritual substrate. What’s more, the cooperative, organized, characteristic, industrial agricultural management pattern based on community relations has certain reference significance for the development in poor rural areas. |
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