The Relatiodship Between The Second Sociai Form’s Historical Mission And The Socialist Market Economy From The Perspectiye Of Three Social Forms Theory

Since the reform and opening up, China started the transition to the socialist market economy system. To uphold and develop the socialist market economy has become an important part of the development strategy of China socialism. The market economy plays a special role in the development of the society and it is so important that people should think about the historical mission of socialist market economy. In spite of Deng Xiaoping’s thought of market economy is the direct source of theory of socialist market economy, the related discussion on market economy in the Marx’s theory of three social forms provides a theoretical basis for the deeper study on this issue. The socialist market economy in essence is the market economy. Figuring out the historical position of market economy from the theory is helpful to understand the historical task of the socialist market economy.The theory of three social forms based on the development of the commodity exchange relation reveals the general law of the development of human society and economic form:from the stage of the natural economy which the commodity exchange relation In subordinate position, to the stage of the market economy which the commodity exchange relation In dominant position, and to the stage of the product economy which the commodity exchange relation In In the state of death. The society based on the natural economy, market economy and product economy are the three types of social forms. The second social form has a special historical status in the development of human society:compared with the first social form, it embodies the great historical progress; for a higher level of social formation, although the second social form has historical limitations, it has important historical responsibility to create conditions for the realization of communism. As the basic economic form of the second social form, the market economy has mission to promote the development of productivity and the human.In fact, the market economy has dual effect on the development of productive forces and the human, therefore also has dual role to the realization of the second social form’s historical mission. Especially the promotion side, it offers the possibility of realizing the second social form’s historical mission. This is extremely valuable. The inevitability of the evolution of the second social form to the Communist society hides in this possibility. So, if we cannot understand the market economy correctly, we cannot get correct understanding of the product economy. If we cannot understand the second social form correctly, we also cannot get correct understanding of the Communist society.Although the market economy is unbridgeable for the realization of communism, when Marx discusses the theory of three social forms, he puts the capitalist system and the capitalist market economy as foothold. In his view, the second social form is capitalism, and the capitalist market economy is the economic form to realizing the second social form’s historical mission. The socialist market economy belongs to the economic exploration of backward socialist countries on the economy and the culture. These explorations form the historical logic of the socialist market economy.At the theoretical level, Marx points out the necessary condition of Russian commune across the market economy into the product economy directly in the "Leaping over Caudine Forks" theory. First, capitalism developing to the limitation and the victory of the proletarian revolution in the advanced capitalist countries are the external conditions. Second, The Russian Revolution broking out and the formation of the political and social forces which is aimed to save the public ownership of the Russian commune are the internal conditions. It is based on the support and help from the advanced countries, the Russian commune’s "direct transition" Is considered to be possible. Therefore, Marx did not propose the problem of developing market economy in the backward socialist countries. And at the practical level, when the victory of the socialist revolution was made in the backward countries, capitalism did not develop to the limit and broke out the proletarian revolution. On the contrary, capitalism and the market economy can develop productivity and continue to lead the world in science and technology. From the point of "Leaping over Caudine Forks" theory, the internal conditions for "direct transition" are ready, but still lacking of external conditions. So the "direct transition" lost possibilities. At the same time, this fact provide the possibility of developing market economy for the socialist countries in theory.But in reality, the socialist countries did not get this experience until Bear they bear a series of setbacks. When the Communist Party came to power, they began to use the strength of the regime to cross market economy, and try to transit to the product economy directly. The practice of the Russian attempting to use the direct exchange of products and transit to communism directly is failed. Because this policy cannot met the farmers’material needs and hindered the development of productive forces. When Russia turned into The New Economic Policy, he try to try to develop the commodity exchange relation and realized "circuitous transition". But the economic system did not appear fundamental breakthrough. It still belong to the state-controlled economy. The development of commodity exchange was seen as a strategy to weather the economic and social crisis. So the commodity exchange and its role in promoting productivity were extremely limited. Although the period of New Economic Policy focued on human development, due to the government’s strict control of the economic activity, it hampered the development of human in fact, particularly on the peasants and social inequality.After the cancellation of the new economic policy, Russia turned into the planned economy, China also learn Russian to established the planned economy. At this stage, China should be in the primary stage of socialism and realize the transition in economic form from the natural economy to a market economy. But the Communist Party positioned China in eliminating the market economy and transition to product economy. He always tried to create a communist "shape", but ultimately ignored the substantive conditions of communism——the development of productivity and human development. Although China has not undergone an independent and mature stage of development of the capitalist system, if he want to transit to the third social form (communism), he need to continue to create civilization achievements of the capitalist system generated by another system form, in order to complete the second-largest social form of mission. So in the case of the external conditions of "Leaping over Caudine Forks" remain unfulfilled, China cannot go beyond the most advanced market economy and need to take advantage of the market economy to develop the productive forces. But in the political and economic institutional, China has crossed the full development stage of capitalist ownership and the bourgeois regime form, Instead of the socialist political system and the basic economic system with Chinese characteristics to liberating the productive forces and promoting human development. In essence, the Socialism with Chinese characteristics is an non-capitalist road to achieve the second social form’s historical mission.Although the socialist market economy and the capitalist market economy are both the specific economic form to achieve the second social form’s historical mission currently, they also have different characteristics. In the aspect of values, the socialist market economy oriented to serve the socialism and the common prosperity. At the system level, the socialist market economy oriented to uphold the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party and the basic economic system in the primary stage of socialism.At the same time, although the socialist market economy has the inherent advantage to promote the development of productivity and human, barriers to the implementation of the second social form’s historical mission still exist. Such as the problem of environmental pollution, the system obstacles to the development of productivity and human, and the obstacles which hinder the political system and the basic economic system develop continuously. It should be emphasized that the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is the institutional basis of the socialist market economy to achieve the historical mission of the second largest social form. If the socialist system with Chinese characteristics goes to the end as a result of its unsustainability, China’s market economy is no longer the socialist market economy, and therefore not to mention the issue of achieving the second social form’s historic mission through the socialist market economy.From this perspective, the socialist market economy to achieve the second social form’s historic mission is conditional. Only through the proper and reasonable way, the correct direction of development of the socialist market economy can be ensured. On the current stage, in terms of the common experience of developing market economy to promote the development of productive forces and human, China should learn from the mature market economy countries which have many advanced experience, including strengthening of the government’s environmental protection functions, promoting the market-oriented reform of resource allocation and effectively transforming government functions. In order to stick the special system characteristics of socialist market economy system, China should deepen the reform of the political system and state-owned enterprises, to enhance the sustainability of the socialist political system and the basic economic system. In addition, with the social development, everyone should constantly improve their own consciousness and quality and develop their excellent quality and initiatives to promote social progress. The important purpose of continue to promote human development is to form the benign interaction between the human and the society.