In The Early Founding Of The Communist Party Of China From Foreign Members Presents Research

Since the opium war, in order to be convenient for aggression toChina’s militaries, politics and economy, western powers had establisheda large number of cultural undertakings, such as religious organizations,church schools, newspapers, radio stations, news agencies, the churchhospitals, relief agencies, libraries, museums, publishers, entertainmentinstitutions (the cinemas, parks, racetracks, etc.) and educationpropagandas, medical researches, foundations and academic researchinstitutions, etc. Foreign missionaries held administrative and financialpower of these cultural institutions, crowded out and sheltered fromChinese traditional culture, and controlled the Chinese people’s thoughtwith all their strength. At the beginning of the People’s Republic’sestablishment, the CPC implemented corresponding cultural policies tothe foreign cultural institutions in China according to the objectivesituation’s changes. The outbreak of the war to resist U.S. aggression andaid Korea, accelerated the process of the CPC clearing the foreigncultural forces in China, and by the end of1952, the CPC basicallywithdrew the education sovereignty, maintained the safety of the newChina culture, and promoted the development of vary constructionundertakings in the victory. At the beginning of the People’s Republic’sestablishment, the successful experience of the CPC clearing foreigncultural forces in China has important theoretical significance andI practical significance to contemporary China gaining the initiative duringthe process of Chinese culture competing with foreign cultural hegemonyand dealing with Chinese and foreign cultural exchange agilely.The introduction mainly expounds briefly research status of thistopic and states the topics significance and research method of thedissertation. The introduction defines the relevant concepts of thedissertation to communicate with readers, and at the same time putsforward the academic innovation points and difficulties in research, drawsthe outline of the basic framework of this paper.The first chapter is the profile of the foreign cultural undertakings inChina on the eve of the founding of the People’s Republic. This chaptermainly presents a brief review of modern foreign cultural undertakings inChina and discusses the distribution of every kind of cultural institutions,basic characteristics and operating situation, etc. All of these are thefoundation of subsequent chapters’ expounds. This chapter involves thespecific categories of modern foreign cultural institutions in China. Suchas the foreign religious institutions in China (Christian protestantmissionary society, Catholicism priory, orthodox church, churches, parishand local churches, shrine, etc.), the foreign church schools in China(universities of church, primary and secondary schools, theologicalseminaries, medicine specialized schools, normal schools, vocationalschools and special education schools, etc.)The foreign newspapers in China (Chinese newspapers, English newspapers, Japanese newspapers,French and Russian,German, Italian, Portuguese, Korean, Mongoliannewspapers, etc.),the foreign publishing organizations in china,theforeign broadcasting stations and news agency in China, the foreignmedical institutions and charities (church hospitals, relief authorities),The foreign libraries, museums,entertainment institutions such as thecinemas and parks and racecourses, education propaganda mechanisms,medical research institutions, foundations, academic research institutionsin China, etc.The second chapter is the CPC implemented "temporarilyundisturbed" policy about the foreign cultural undertakings in China. Thischapter firstly discusses the basic propositions of MAO Zedong, ZHOUEnlai, LIU SHaoqi, LI Weihan and other party and state leaders about theforeign cultural undertakings in China. As well as the files andinstructions of The ministry of education about the foreign educationcause in China.Then it puts forward the CPC’s "temporarily undisturbed"policy to the foreign cultural undertakings in China (except for theforeign propaganda authorities in China) on the occasion of the foundingof the People’s Republic. At the same time the main reasons interpreted ofthe policy are: on the occasion of the founding of the People’s Republicmany things destroyed need do, the cultural undertakings beingtransformed need complete after the economy and politics change;"TheIII Common Programme" provided the freedom of religious belief, and someChristians supported or participated in the revolution; Many teachers andstudents in the church schools had strong sense of patriotism andrevolutionary spirit; the foreign culture education and relief authorities inChina had certain progress function; the civil war among the Kuomintangand the CPC did not end, and the CPC avoided the interference to theChinese revolution from America, Britain and other countries as far aspossible. the CPC’s "temporarily undisturbed" policy mainly embodied incontinuing protecting the freedom of religious belief, requiring the rapidresumption of schools in the church schools, the temporary permission toall sorts of foreign culture and art entertainment institutions in China, andprotection to the aliens’ life and property, etc.In the third chapter, the CPC preliminarily cleared the foreigncultural influences in China by encouraging "innovation". This chapterfirstly analyzes the change of the objective situation at the beginning ofthe founding of the People’s Republic. America, Britain and othercountries increased hostility to the new China, and destroyed the newregime through the churches, the schools and other cultural institutions.The foreign missionaries among the foreign cultural institutions in Chinaalso agitated actively to boycott the intervention of new culture power, sothe CPC adjusted the original "temporarily undisturbed" policy, andencouraged and promoted the patriots among the foreign cultural institutions in China to break contact away from imperialism. Thespecific reasons of the CPC adjusting cultural policy displays: the foreignreligious groups in China engaged in spy sabotage; the foreign churchschools and hospitals in China boycotted new-democratic politicaleducation through religious education; the foreign charity reliefs’authorities in China implemented enslaving education to Chinese children,and instigated them to hate the CPC, etc. Under the guidance of the CPC,the foreign religious organizations in China launched three-selfinnovation movement; the churchs gave up interfering the schools’personnel and administrative under the pressure of the CPC; the filmagencies reduced British and American films and increased the screeningof domestic films and the Soviet films.The fourth chapter, the CPC decided to speed up taking over theforeign cultural undertakings in China.This chapter discusses after theoutbreak of the war to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea, the peoplefrom all walks of life required strongly clean up the foreign culturalinfluence in China.the United States announced to control China’s publicor private property in America and banned all the ships registered in theUnited States drove to China port, All this aroused the Chinese people’sgreat anger. The government administration council measure for measurein December29,1950promulgated the series of files on dealing withculture education relief agencies and religious groups accepting AmericanV allowance.The decision of the government administration council gainedwarm support from the foreign culture and education relief authoritiesand religious groups in China. Thus all this speeded up the process oftaking over the foreign cultural undertakings in China.The fifth chapter, the final accomplishment of cleaning up theforeign cultural forces in China.This chapter discusses the Christians andCatholics groups refused to accept the foreign donations and strived todevelop production to realize autotrophy. Local governments dealt withthe foreign culture education relief authorities in China according to thespecific conditions, the ministry of education carried out the departmentadjustment in colleges and universities in order to realize "the decision oflength of schooling reform".In order to cooperate with the government’takeover,all the church groups, schools, hospitals and other units held apatriotic demonstrations and extensively held accusation meeting, theyrequested the people’s government arrest or drive Chinese and foreigncounterrevolutionary among the foreign cultural institutions in China out.Because of the masses’ active participation and the right guidance of theCPC’s cultural policy, by the end of1952, the foreign religiousorganizations, the church schools, church hospitals and relief agencies inChina fully realized to be taken over by the government or Chineseprivate, thereby all this eliminated the foreign cultural forces in China andrealized the integrity and independence of new China culture education sovereignty.The sixth chapter is historical evaluation of the CPC clearing theforeign cultural forces in China. This chapter discusses great historicalsignificance as well as main experience of the CPC clearing the foreigncultural forces in China., and at the same time analyses somedisadvantages in the process of the CPC reconstructing the foreigncultural undertakings in China, and these successful experience anddefects provide the warning and reference of both the positive andnegative aspects for the contemporary cultural construction. The positiverole of the CPC clearing the foreign culture influence in China mainlydisplays in: completely taking education sovereignty back, maintainingcomplete independence of the new China culture education; enhancingthe Chinese people’s national consciousness and patriotic consciousness,and liberating them from enslaving ideology; rooting out the culturalfoundation and the class foundation of western countries developing inChina "democracy individualist"; promoting victory development ofsuppressing counter-revolutionary, land reform movement and resistingU.S. aggression and aiding Korea movement and other undertakings;maintaining the cultural security of the new China, and accelerating thecreation of the new democratic culture, etc. The main experience of theCPC reconstructing the foreign cultural undertakings in China has:reconstructing the foreign cultural undertakings in China with unifiedVII leadership and cautious and stable advance; timely adjusting culturalpolicy according to the constant changes of the objective situation;launching broad masses actively to participate in clearing the foreignculture influence in China; playing fully the patriots’ role of leading theway among the foreign cultural undertakings in China; actively foundingnew culture in the process of breaking old culture, etc.The flies in the ointment in the process of the CPC clearing theforeign cultural influence in China are: showing the tendency of entirenegation to the Chinese and foreign staff among the foreign cultureinstitutions in China; Inappropriately hitting a group of domestic scienceand technology culture workers in the process of the cultural andeducational innovation; showing hot-headed and forcedly jussivetendency in the process of clearing the foreign cultural forces in China;dogmatizing and vulgarizing the Soviet culture education experience, andlosing the national characteristics of the Chinese culture; some dominanthumanities and social sciences were cancelled when the mission schoolsdepartments were adjusted, etc. Although these deficiencies do not affectthe brightness of the CPC clearing the foreign cultural forces in China,they do bring some negative effect for China’s future culture trend.