Research On Peace Thought Of Marxism

Over a long period of time, people used to regard Marxism as a "violent revolution","revolutionary war","class struggle", and think there is a mutually exclusive "negative relationship" between the Marxism and the peace. In fact, since its the birth, Marxism advocated peace and upholding peace is always one of the outstanding value orientation and theoretical tradition. In the history of the development of the Marxism, classical authors of Marxism many times discussed peace issues, such as "Socialists being for peace","being for peace at all costs","peaceful coexistence","peace superior","advocating socialism of the peace". But in Marxism’s theory, classical authors of Marxism mostly discussed peace issues in the specific historical event or in the specific historical background, which are made of a series of incomplete philosophical thinking, event history analysis, newspaper articles, letters and accidental event review. In another word, the study on peace issues of the classical authors of Marxism is fragmented and not systematic, and usually peace issues are regarded as other problems especially a part of the problem of war. So, it is difficult to find a consistent, complete, systematic theory of peace in the writings of classical authors of Marxism. But on the contrary, if you think Marxism is neglect of peace, it is absolutely wrong. It is not only because peace is the inevitable problem when the war is discussed, but also the absolute peace yearning of human society is throughout the whole theory of the Marxism. That is to say, there is no systematic theory of peace in the classic work of the Marxism, but Marxism has rich thought of peace. In this way, The fact that classical authors of Marxism didn’t establish systematic peace theory, means when we have to study thought of Marxism’s peace, we need to create or rebuild the thought of Marxism’s peace from the Marxism’s many pieces of material, and it must be based on historical materialism and be one of its composition parts, so should be an important part of the political theory of Marxism.According to the characteristics of Marxism’s classical authors on the peace issues text, to carry out the research on Marxism’s thought of peace, the first step is to find out the Marx doctrine is how to understand the "peace", or how to define the concept of peace. Therefore, first of all, we start from the basic theory of the Marx doctrine, adhering to historical materialism as guiding ideology, drawing lessons from the peace concept of Peace Study of the Western."Peace" is defined as the class struggle disappeared or eased from the mutual connection of the "class struggle". The basic connotation of peace is summarized as the value of discarding the class struggle, the social state of the class struggle to disappearing or easing and a special way of class struggle. Then, according to the feature of Marxism theory, the basic characteristics of Marxism thought of peace are summarized as understanding peace from historical materialism, treating peace issue by dialectical method, profoundly revealing peace problem of capitalist society and deep yearning for the peace of communism society.Marxism insisted on unity of opposites of contradiction between the two sides, emphasizing struggle and peace in the social relationship. In reality, the unity of opposites of interests is only the direct cause and external appearance of social struggle and peace.and social structure and social system is the fundamental cause of social struggle and peace. It is different social structure and social system that bring the continuous generation and reconstruction of social struggle and peace. So Marxism has always been opposed to commonly, generally, abstractly to talk about peace, adhere to the connection of the peace and the classes or class struggle together, and treat peace with revolutionary ideas. In Marxism view, before class appeared, the primitive clan society is an "absolute peace" society. As class coming into being, class struggle became a inevitable history phenomenon from the contradictory movement between productive forces and production relations of class society. There is no forever, absolute peace in all class society. Only appear "relative peace" in all class society, which is maintained by the national violence."Absolute peace" will exist again in the Communist Society where class and class struggle are eliminated and nation will also disappear.Peace is the condition of the survival and development of human society, so is the ideal state that human is wishing to maintain and strive for. But, it is always difficult for the human society to avoid being in war. War and peace always exist alternately in class society. War coming of in private ownership, is a product of the class struggle, and when the class struggle has not developed to the sharp degree, it is not necessary to use violence to solve the contradiction between each other, and it is generally called the peace period. But with the continuous development of the contradiction between productive forces and production relations, economic base and superstructure, class struggle will be intensified, and the peace of human society period will be broken and interrupted by the war. So in the class society, human history is a history of human war and peace. Given the close association of war and peace, how to understand the nature of war and peace and its relationship with the class struggle is one of the important content of Marxism thought of peace. From the class point of view, Marxism connects the war and peace to the proletariat revolution together, and from the proletarian revolution career future perspective, understands issues of war and peace of all society including the capitalist society. Therefore, in one hand, the Marx doctrine is in general sense against war, advocate "peace at all costs", and think peace is better than war to the proletarian revolution. In another hand, the Marx doctrine has a clear idea of being on the war and peace of justice and against the war and peace of unjustice, with proletarian war at home displacing imperialist war, with proletarian peace instead of bourgeois peace. War and peace thought of Marxism, surpasses the theoretical system of the bourgeoisie in this area, showing its profundity and scientific identity.In class society, classes are struggling each other for their own class interests, and all of the class struggles are political struggle, which is between the owner and non-owner around the power of state. In history, such political struggle was often broken out hiddenly or publicly between the oppressors and the oppressed, such as Freeman and slave, patricians and plebeians, Lord and serf, guild-master and journeyman. Like the other class society, modern bourgeois society born from feudal society, still exist such political struggle. What is different to other class society, is only to replace the old with new forms of class struggle, and be simplized to the struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. In the view of the Marx doctrine, in a capitalist society, both the bourgeoisie and the proletariat are the international classes, The struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat and bourgeoisie fighting for each other, is in the form of class struggle and union with national scope, but they have international significance in content, with new content of international politics. So Marxism thought that, the formation and development history of capitalism, is not only the history of bourgeois’exploitation and oppression to the proletariat, which of the capitalist powers plundering the weaker the nation and the country’s history, but also are the history of the capitalist powers contending hegemony, full of violence and war. Marx concluded:the history of capitalism is into the annals as blood and fire character. Since coming to this world, from head to foot, capital dripped with blood and dirt in each pore. So in capitalist society, there is only a "sham peace", and there is no real peace.In contemporary China, the Road of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics opened at The Third Plenary Session of the11th Central Committee in1978, is a road of peaceful development, abandoning "The class struggle as the key link" to go " taking economic construction as the central task". At the same time, China’s reform and opening process, is a process of concept that socialist class struggle is gradually low-key and socialist peace is more vigor. Along with the deepening of China’s reform and opening up, how to construct the internal and external peaceful state of a socialist country, namely, the maintenance of world peace and peace in the country (domestic stability and peaceful reunification of the country), has become a major issue in contemporary China, which is a great challenge and must be solved. Therefore, it is especially necessary to transform the class struggle concept of Marxism tradition into the peace concept of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, namely, the concept of domestic class struggle transformed into maintaining national peace, the concept of international class struggle transformed into the maintenance of world peace, the concept of class struggle being direct power to promote the development of society, transformed into peaceful development. Transformation of this concept is translated into "Advocates a peaceful socialist" by Deng Xiaoping.