Deconstruction Of Construction: Foucault Thought A Perspective Of Interpretation

Based on the Foucault’s research and thought of the epistemological indicator of the human nature, this dissertation discussed the construction thought of Foucault’s deconstruction, which means how he deconstructed the subjective philosophy, and constructed his purified ontology’ during the deconstruction. To achieve this aim. this dissertation selected three works of Foucault as the study objects:《Madness and Civilization_—A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason》、《Discipline and Punish》 and 《The History of Sex. Volume Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ》Except the introduction, this dissertation consisted of four chapters. The first revealed the human nature theme in the context of Foucault’s madness theme based on 《Madness and Civilization—A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason》. It also analyzed the devil of ration using discourse analysis used by Foucault. It indicated that the Foucault’s successful deconstruction of the knowledge subject was due to the combination between the prosecution of ration and the revelation of the secret of the rational and irrational humanity. Lastly, it suggested that the Foucault’s deconstruction of knowledge subject included the purport of the construction of knowledge ontology, simultaneously.The second chapter indicated that Foucault completed the deconstruction of power subject on the basis of discrimination between objectification human nature and subjectivation human nature. Followed that, the author maintained that the positive antagonism aspect included in the Foucault’s power view was originated from his constructed power ontology through the further understanding of Foucault’s power thought during the comparison between Foucault’s and Baudrillard’s "power-death" thought.The third chapter generalized and extracted the panorama of Foucault’s power genealogy and essence of his bio-politic based on 《The History of Sex》. This chapter pointed out the essence of the latter volumes of 《The History of Sex》 and argued the thinking path of how Foucault deconstructed moral subject through the analyzing of Foucault’s subjective hermeneutic thought. Meanwhile, it also advised that the uniqueness of Foucault is the ontology of survival ethics that he intended to construct through the comparison between Bataille’s and Foucault’s sex and human nature thought.Based on the human nature topic of the three chapters mentioned above, the last chapter summarized Foucault’s philosophical thought regarding human nature; analyzed and demonstrated how Foucault separated the subject and human nature; indicated that Foucault was back to the "beginning of the philosophy" after his "relocation of subject discourse" and therefore completed his final deconstruction. The author maintained that the most important issue for Foucault’s deconstruction was the recognizing of the "empty space" in his "time-space" thought. In this "empty space", Foucault finished his construction of "purified ontology" and the generation of human’s "spirit knowledge". After that, the chapter argued the three kinds of Foucault’s constructed "purified ontology", that is the knowledge ontology, power ontology and the ontology of survival ethics.The knowledge ontology focused on the archeology of human sciences and the archeology of knowledge. The main result of the former one was solving the problem related to the evolution of knowledge because of the deconstruction of knowledge subject and the proposal and argument of the three types of’episteme’in the western history. The latter one solved the issues regarding the basic concepts and methods of the study of the knowledge ontology due to its not only deconstructed the knowledge subject, but also proposed and argued the discourse theory. The power ontology not only deconstructed the power itself, but also provided the "empty space" for the ontology of the survival ethics. Therefore, the construction of the power ontology was the important even critical tool for Foucault completing his idea aim. That means the idea function of the power ontology penetrated into the knowledge ontology and the ontology of the survival ethics.Finally, the human nature within the "empty space" was re-activated in the real meaning of human rather than the meaning of philosophy and science. In the "empty space" of the "spirit knowledge", it appeared to be various kinds of survival style that is the appearance of different reality of human nature. Hence, the human nature acquired the reality and existence, and embedded in the "self that is the ontology of the survival ethics. In general, through the human nature as the epistemological indicator, we came into the frame of Foucault’s "purified ontology" of knowledge ontology, power ontology and the ontology of survival ethics.