| CHUANG TZU considers the resources of all the things are “Tao” and “Qi”, and they are the self circulation life entity which are continuously generating, developing, declining and regenerating in the universe, and CHUANG TZU also revealed from the full view point of “Tao” that the development of individual person, the effection of society and natural environment and the effection of universe are mutually generated and all interlinked. If the individual life wants to exceed the limit of itself and the living environment and thus to achieve the accordance of the “Tao”, then it must consider the multi-directional mutual effection of life and acquaint the resource and destiny of life. The previous study of CHUANG TZU regarding the outlook of life is mainly about the horizontal analyzation of the concept of life, but very rarely about the longitudinal research of the natural course of source of life, meaning of life and destiny of life; and also the previous study is mainly focused on how to exceed the limit of nature and society from the view of individual development, but rarely study the mutual effection of the limit and individual development from the view of social regulation and nature maintenance. The previous study of outlook of life is missing the important content of life such as the destiny of life, especially abo ut the part for view of soul, there is not much discussion. And all these shortages have kept the exploring space for this article.The theory of world generation in CHUANG TZU is the theory for discussion of resource of life, it is successed from LAO TZE in the core conception and generation mode. LAO TZE considers that the world is generated by some kind of original material under the direction of the “TAO”. CHUANG TZU interchanged the “MATERIAL” in LZO ZI into “QI”, and it considers that the world is generated by the combination of negative and positive “QI” under the direction of the “TAO”. The “TAO” assigns the world including human being the nature of peace, and the “QI” assigns the shape. According to the understanding and sort of CHUANG TZU, the course of the “TAO”, “QI” and combination can be generally divided into three stages. The first stage, the QI OF MASS resolved into negative and positive QI under the direction of the TAO. The second stage, the negative and positive QI conflict and balance each other and then generate the world under the direction of the “TAO”. The third stage, under the direction of “TAO”, the world develop, grown to ripe, decline and becomes to the QI OF MASS again, and thusly the world goes to the next round of circulation for generation and destroy. Human being is also generated in this course, the spirit of human being comes from the “TAO”, the body comes from the “QI”.Basically, the human being and the nature world are both origined from the “TAO” and “QI”, regarding the living and life development, the nature is the supplier and limiter of living environment for human being. In one side, the nature world supplies all the needed material for the living, development and creation of human being, and the human being is also enlightened in spirit from the nature and start the creations. In the other side, the natural environment is also limiting the abilities of living for human being such as the physical ability of body, acknowledges, mental cultures, the natural environment makes the human being facing the huge challenge even the test of death, and the heart of technique is also created in the course of transforming the nature.The relationship of society and human being is also the same. CHUANG TZU considers that the basic contradiction of social development is the contradiction between knowledge and morality, it revealed that at the same time of the development of knowledge, the morality is degenerating, and thusly proposed the social development concept of “morality prior than knowledge”, “direct the knowledge by morality”, “save the morality by giving up knowledge”(at the circumstance of irreconcilable contradiction between knowledge and morality). The performance of this basic contradiction can be described in four poin ts in the level of society reality: manner and law system, morality regulation, the mutual affection to human being from technique and art. The social regulation of manner and laws establish the stable society order, balance the relationship between social members, and it restricts the behaviors of the human being at the same time. The technique and art bring the convenience and mental joy to the human being, and also inspires the heart of technique, make the functions of the organs lose balance. The affect ion of multiple limit makes the importance of mentality and organs overrides the nature of peace, and this performed as the living difficulties of shape and ethic relationships. The repeated forwarding of nature losing and limit reinforcement makes the soc ial development goes into the vicious circulation of society disobeying the “TAO”.The meaning of life is to surpass these limits from spirit and resolve the living difficulties. CHUANG TZU proposes to start from restore the nature of peace and rebuild the ideal society, maintain and respect the nature. For the individual person, addiction of desires, the fixed pattern of motion and narrow minded opinion inter affectted each other and makes the human being lose the nature and obey the private desire, and thusly forms the mechanical behavior mode. CHUANG TZU proposes to start from decrease desire, remove motion, remove knowledge and break the generation of this specular mode, break the habit, resolve the heart of technique, makes the desire, motion and knowle dge to achieve the exchange of obeying nature and remove desire, maintain the nature and restore morality, recover the morality and obey the “TAO”, and finally achieve the purpose of maintaining the full shape, maintaining the spirit, restoring the nature of peace.The restore of individual nature and improvement of society are closely related each other. CHUANG TZU proposed the general theory of keep accordance of nature, and gradually fulfill the order of the “TAO” in the society level by the govern of saint. The course of the fulfillment can be divided into three stages, and used different manners in each stage. Firstly, pointed to the helpless of real society, “base on the punishment”, “assist by the manner”, “morality as the gist”, “coordinate with wisdom”. Secondly, to “replace the heavy punishment by light punishment” in the real society and gradually make the world under the best government. Thirdly, in the level of idea society, follow the concept of “king be calm and peace as tree branch, people free as deer in the wild” to govern the world. By the gradually forwarding of “replace heavy punishment by light punishment” three stages, the society restored into the ordered status. At the same time, CHUANG TZU considers that treat the nature equally, keep accordance and respect the nature and existing status of the nature, that is a kind of respect to the human being itself, to love the world and nature, that is the love of the source of human being life. To leave the world in the world, that will make the human being returns back to the nature.Through the individual improvement, society government, nature maintenance, to deal the relationship between human being and relationship between human being and the world by the order of the “TAO” which is also the order of nature, and finally to achieve the balance of body and heart, human being and human being, human being and nature.CHUANG TZU does not only described the resource of life and meaning of life, but also pointed out the destiny of life. There is always short of focus about the destiny of life in the academic field. The view of life’s destiny in CHUANG TZU is the discrimination of able to know and unable to know. In the relative stage, the destiny of life is able to know, and in the ultimate point of view, the destiny of life is unable to know. Coming to the practical level, the destiny of life includes the destiny of body and soul. The general tendency of body shape is always from birth to death, and the dead body transform into basic substances., rejoin the next round of circulation of birth and death. But for what it will transformed into, it is unable to know. CHUANG TZU admits the existence of soul, and the soul goes through the whole course of awakening of dream, birth and death. In what status does the soul exist and how long it exist, CHUANG TZU doesn’t give a clear answer, but the soul can be refined by the spirit improvement which is supported by the physical body, and the soul can spread to the world from the individual, then the soul will achieve the status of long term existence which can also deemed as eternal spirit. In the course of combination of individual spirit and the world’s spirit, the individual life exceeded the limit of itself and reconnected the resource of life. |
PDF Full Text Request