Research On The General-specific Relation In Morden Chinese

General-specific relationship is one of the most commonly used expressions in verbal communication. The existing research results focused on the discourse form, and meanwhile those research results majored in the study of syntactic components of the general and specific. What’s more, these studies also laid too much color on the relations among syntactic components. As for the semantic research, they explained the General-specific Relationship under the frame of syntax. The current related research is fragmented partial and non-systematic.This thesis established the General-specific category, and described the features of the category. And it also explained the expression ways of this category and how to be the discourse series.This thesis is divided into seven chapters:Chapter one is the introduction part. In this chapter, the writer raises the questions on it and methods of studying and defined the scope of studying. This article will focus on the relationship of General-specific from the perspective of category expression. To explain the General-specific relationship in such a perspective, to establish the relationship between the General-specific and to explain the existence of the logical basis, summed up the relationship between the General-specific semantic category characteristics. Of course, the research on the relationship must take into account the language form of the realization of this category. In the researching method, this paper uses induction and deduction to illustrate the relationship of General-specifics. II The second chapter is the journals review. This chapter reviews all the existing results from the aspect of grammar, semantics and pragmatics, writing and reading level, puts forward its contribution and problems. Which is: first, what is on the earth the General-specific relation? Second, there is no research on the relationship category and the lack of integrity. Thirdly, how to explain implementation at the discourse level of the General-specific?Chapter three is the logical semantic basis of the General-specific relation. Explaining the logic semantic basis systematically, that is the foundations to establish the General-specific category. In this chapter, we will discuss the main semantic relations referring to the ’General-specific’ from the perspective of the logical semantics. They are classes and members of the relationship, ’General’ represents the class and the Specific means the members, both in logic is inclusion relation which is described by Z ? f1, f2, ……fn; Relationship between the whole and the parts, and the whole and the parts is composed, which is described by Z[f1+f2……+fn];In general and specific relationship, ’General speaking’ is a kind of abstract feature or attribute, this abstraction characteristic or attribute is granted by ’specific speaking’,which is described by f1, f2, ……fn→Z; Relationship between premises and conclusion, which is to express some reasoning structure and described by f1∧f2……∧fn→Z.( f1, f2……fn means specific, Z means general).The fourth chapter is the nature and category characteristics of the General-specific relation. This chapter focuses on the establishment of the General-specific relationship. The establishment of the General-specific relation category involves grammatical, semantic and pragmatic factors, which present a way of referring. The relationship is not the objective existence of a relationship but is a kind of relation of reference by people, and is an arrangement of the relationship between the form of discourse. It doesn’t mean the same reference between general and specific, but not equivalent with the appositive. The thesis defines the category of it which is an expression cantegory and explained its connotation and extension. Meanwhile,the article raised the characteristics of the category, that is; general, III integrity, inference and explanation.The fifth chapter is the linguistic form of the General-specific.This chapter lays foundations on the study of the linguistic form and the language model in the context of the General-specific,and describes the linguistic form of the General-specific from the static point of view.The realizations of General-specific category are of three kinds:First,the form of vocabulary,namely the use of certain lexical markers General-specific relationship,these words may tag the whole or mark apart.Second,punctuation marks,written in accordance with the mark.Third,the word order.What’s mainly emphasized here is general and specific order and some relation General-specific is not marked,but relying on word order can also express the General-specific relationship,which mainly relies on its lexical meaning.The general part will use inclusive words to express while the specific part individually explains all the aspects of general.Through the investigation of a large number of data,the model of the relationship between general and specific is summarized.They are Z[X和非X]+F[X…….,非X……](X means the whole meaning category);Z[X和Y]+F[X……,Y……](X and Y mean two meaning categories);F[f1 X……f2X……f3X……fn X]+Z[谁(什么、哪)都X](F means the whole category,f1,f2,f3 means the members,n means numbers);Z[X]+F[X1……,X2……Xn……](X means the whole category,X1,X2 means the members,n means numbers)。Chapter six is the realization of the General-specific category in the discourse. In this chapter, it discusses the realizing state when General-specific used in the discourse and understand the General-specific from a dynamic point of view. The realization of the general-specific relationship category is discussed. The General-specific relationship can be found in assertive sentence, question sentence and Imperative sentence but not in exclamatory sentence. And in different types of writing, the frequency of using this relationship is: practical writing> expository writing> argumentation> narration. The General-specific relationship was used the most in practical writing, and the least in narration. The article further summarizes the General-specific relationship between the structures in the text in several ways: they are; the first kind, General-specific model, general lies in the front, and specific distributes in the followed chapters. The structure of the whole text is General-specific model. The second is the specific-general model. The structure of the text is specific-general model, namely specific is placed in front chapters and concluded in the general part at last. The third kinds ranks to general-specific-general model, which means general speaking in the first part, specific in the following parts and close to consolidate in the last general part. The forth kind belongs to the general-specific-general-specific model. In this kind chapter, the text conveys the passage in the way of logic layers, that is, general speaking in the front and specific followed, while the specific part can also carry the general meanings. The fifth kind of model shows general-specific-specificgeneral-specific-general patterns. The first part is general, the next followed parts illustrate individually and general conclude in the last part. The structure of the whole text will be general-specific composing with each other. At the end of the chapter, from the perspective of characteristics of general-specific, the evidence of choosing the category is discussed.The seventh chapter is the conclusion part. Summarizing the content of the whole text of the study, and put forward the deficiencies of the paper.