The Study Of Socialist Ideology Education In 1957-1966

In 1957, the socialist system had been set up in our nation and the guiding position of Marxism had also been made basic establishment. However, the feudal and bourgeois ideology still exerted serious influences in public life, along with the peaceful evolution strategy carried out by the western capitalist countries and the ideological differences within the socialist camp; which in whole raised severe challenge to the socialist ideology construction of our nation. The Communist Party of China(CPC) attached high attention to the socialist revolution on the ideological front. It initiated the socialist ideology education to the people in all aspects to consolidate the guiding position of Marxism, build up the people`s t socialist beliefs and motivate their enthusiasm of building socialism. The socialist ideology education in the 1957-1966 was so large-scale, long-duration and wide-reaching that it had made unprecedented effects on the people`s thoughts and minds. Yet due to the misunderstanding of the fundamental issue "what is socialism and how to build socialism" and the misjudgment on the situation of class struggle, the CPC`s guiding ideology committed the “Left Deviation” mistakes, which inevitably casted the “leftist” ideological influences on the socialist ideology education. It in turn magnified the rising class struggle and so as to create an unquenchable vicious cycle. In spite of its past credits, the socialist ideology education had been replaced by the class struggle of fighting and guarding against revisionism, and eventually been turned into the seed for the Cultural Revolution. In the decade of 1957-1966, the socialist ideology education had reached accomplishment and failure both, experiences and lessons as well. This paper studies the socialist ideology education in the decade of 1957-1966. Based on the clarification of the concept of ideology and socialist ideology education, it takes the Chinese society in 1957-1966 as historical background,systematically sorts out the progress of socialist ideology education in that period, inquires into the selection and implementation of the contents,paths and approaches of socialist ideology education, carries out reasonable evaluation on the gains and losses of the ideology education and then reveals the enlightenment of the socialist ideology education in 1957-1966 era.This paper could be summarized into three parts:The first part includes the Introduction and Chapter One. The Introduction mainly illustrates this article`s origin,nature,theoretical and practical value,describes its studying methods and the logical framework,sorts out the domestic and foreign literature reviews,defines its concepts and open the prelude for dissertation research. Chapter One seeks the theoretical and practical starting point of the socialist ideology education by tracing its theoreticalfoundations and historical context in 1957-1966.The second part includes Chapter Two,Three,and Four. It mainly described in 1957-1966,under the special background of social change,how the party set up the basic content of socialist ideology education,made efficient use of ideological education paths and rationally selected ideological education approaches. The first approach is about the content of social ideology education,which includes: from the positive aspect,the Marxism theory education and the socialist morality education that people must have in the process of socialist construction; from the negative aspect,critical pedagogy against the background of anti & prevention revisionism. Secondly, to combine the political education movement approach with the scientific use of schools,mass media,literary and artistic works by fully utilizing the rich administrative resources and favorable conditions. Last but not the least,to adopt the Major Four Education Approaches comprehensively,which includes: theory approach,practice approach, setting up typical models approach and the bitter & sweet memory approach,to effectively pass the thoughts and ideas,political views and values,and other information of socialist ideology to the object of education,making socialist ideology to be widely accepted.The last part includes Chapter Five and Conclusion. Chapter Six rationally evaluates the gains and losses of the socialist ideology education in 1957-1966,then further reveals the Contemporary Enlightenment: By the socialist ideology education the party strengthens the guiding status of Marxism in ideology realm,improves the recognition of socialist ideology from all walks of the society,mobilizes the people`s enthusiasm in building socialism and fastens the institutionalized progress of socialist ideology education. While at the same time,with the exaggerating situation of the class warfare,the socialist ideology education inevitably strayed from the right direction and resulted in errors: in the aspect of content,it did not correctly distinguish the nature of contradictions and expanded the scope of class struggle; in the aspect of the educational approaches,it emphasized the ideological criticism and ignored the education of persuasion; in the aspect of education principle,it exaggerated the spiritual incentive and ignored the needs of material interests,over-emphasized subjectivity and violated the objective laws. Eventually it had led to the dislocation of the Socialist ideological education,which had not served well for economic construction but degenerated into a political tool. By tracing back the historical progress of the decade`s socialist ideology education,we can find that it is a miniature of the party`s hard exploration of socialist society construction. To review this decade`s history,we cannot be limited to the evaluation of gains and losses but focus more on the enlightenment to the present and the future instead.With the quickening pace of globalization and China’s further reforming and opening up, the connotation of the socialist ideology theory is continuously being enriched and widely recognized. Meanwhile it is facing more and more challenges. Under the new historical conditions,it should boldly stick to the socialist ideology education with no generalizations nor desalination. During the process of education it has to maintain the guiding status of the Marx doctrine,to correctly treat the struggle of ideology area and integrate diverse social thoughts; to keep the idealization and practical tension of socialist ideology education; to transit the expression and content of discourse to be more fitted with the public`s demands,to post the ways of expression into the people`s life; to optimize the approach of education by taking good advantage of information network and constantly expanding the coverage and influence of the mainstream opinion. It is to enhance the attraction and appeal of socialist ideology that the ultimate purpose of socialist ideology education locates.