From Adapting To The Times To Declined The Last Tongchen Style And Modernity

The last Tongchen style is the greatest classical Chinese prose in the Qing dynasty, lasting to the new literature’s emergence. And it had been commonly thought as the respective of the traditional literature by the academia. The dissertation intends to research the endeavor of the traditional literature interfere to modernity from the historic environment and career path of the late Tongchen style writers. The endeavor is actually a process of the tension gradually has been cracked. The tension comes from the Tongchen style literatis’s exertion to interfere to modernity, and from extrinsic social needs.The frame of the thesis are as follows:In the Introduction, the author elaborate the ideas of topic selection, and define the object of study and the conception of modernity. In this part,the author stressly dissect how the recent popular literature became the absurd overnight. And this is the interest and the starting point to research the Tongchen style writers.Chapter one, The living space and the other origin of modernity. In this part,the author mainly analyze the modernizing influence to the Tongchen writers from the Shogunate and school and overseas exchanges. The three spaces above mentioned are the space to breed modernity and the engine of promoting Chinese Modern Society to improve and develop, at the same time it is the main professional ascription of the later Tongchen style.Chapter two, the four disciples of Zenmen, whose words display the character of offering help to the society and pursuing the change and elegant. who are the leader of the literature at that time. In this part, through analyzing the works of Wu Rulun, Zhang Yuzhao, Xue Fucheng, Li Changshu who are the four disciples of Zenmen, and the relation between the Shogunate and overseas and school, the dissertation points out that the important function of the Tongchen Chinese classical prose. These four men are the pioneers to the reform of China modern. They produced the new prospect in the classic Chinese prose,which had the important guiding action to the last Tongchen style.Chapter three, the lineal Tongchen style,who inherit the disciplines and strive to the culture and education, but fall into the exhausted environment gradually. In this part, the dissertation analyzes the exploration of Yao Yongpu,Yao Yonggai, Ma Qichang, He Tao in aesthetic modernity of the Tongchen classic prose who rely on the school and the compiling the History of Qing Dynasty. Compared with the four disciplines of Zenmen, their works are more mellow,but the boundary and pattern are more conservative.Chapter four, the new variable and the continuer of the Tongchen style, the entanglement between the new thought and the old carrier. In the condition of social system reformed and culture producing mechanism changed, the Tongchen style writers appear new changes. Yan Fu is the first person of translating the western doctrine and Lin Shu is the first person of translating the western novels and Zhang qian is the last Champion and a Industrialists too. and Kaisheng Wu is the night watcher of the Tongchen style. Who focus on pushing the classical prose to carry the new thoughts and save and activating the classical prose in the other method.Chapter five, the breakout and falling of the modernity. The dissertation researches the inheriting to the tradition and the breakout of modernity from the modern content and form and meanings. It chooses the magazine ’QINGHE’ as the perspective to reform the connation of the modern literature. And it analyzes why the late Tongchen style failed in the breakout basing on the own discipline of literature school develops. Through the analysis to reveal the hard of the classical prose transform to modernity.The principal line of the thesis is the event space and moderninzing exertion of the last Tongchen style. Comparing with the earlier and mid period writers, the life difference is the refraction of history environment and also the change of literature exotic environment and the reform of the literature’s Production mechanism. The last Tongchen style has a spontaneous modernity, but it’s modernizing trying is not so enough exhaustive that results in the traditional prose moved towards declined.