The Culture Policy And It’s Evolution Of The Chinese Communist Party From 1949 To 1965

In the history of Chinese culture construction, the period from 1949 to 1965 is a very key and important period. In this period, the CCP learned a lesson of dogmatic and inflexible way in culture construction from the Soviet Union, inherited the successful experience of culture construction of China’s new democratic revolution, drew up a series of policy and measures, turned the new democratism culture into socialist culture, established the new forms of socialist culture, set up an independent way of culture construction and constructed the theory system of Chinese characteristic socialist culture, offered useful policy and practice foundation to the culture construction after 1978.This period can be divided into three stages from the developing process of culture policy. The first stage is from 1949 to 1956. In this stage, culture policy was in its transition and infant stage.The Chinese had much demand for culture but most of them were illiterate. So the CCP carried out the campaign to wipe out illiteracy all around China to improve the people’s culture level, remoulded the old culture system and built the new culture forms, established Maxism the guiding role in culture construction. Baesed on this, the CCP set up the socialist culture policy, brought forward the principle of letting a hundred flower blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend(the Two Principles), improved the policy to the intellectuals, motivated the Chinese culture creativity. The second stage is from 1957 to 1960. In this stage, the culture policy moved in rash advance and zigzags ways. Because of the wrong policy of politics and economy, the CCP changed the the policy to the intellectuals, they were defined as the bourgeoisie enemy, were critiqued severely and losed the enthusiasm for culture construction. The Two Principles was turned to just Maxism and non-Marxist, the policy of serving to the people, serving to the socialism was turned to serve to the proletariat. Criticizing and contending about culture became the means of revolution. The third stage is from 1961 to 1965. In this stage, the CCP adjusted and improved the culture policy of literature, education and research etc. The leaders had a good self-examination to the wrong policy a few years ago, recovered the policy to the intellectuals, carried out the Two Principles for further, explored the culture regularity. These policies enabled the socialist culture to flourish once more. But these offerts were broken off, and the culture policy became distorted, all the correct policies were stopped.The culture policy of the CCP from 1949 to 1965 had three characteristic. Firstly, for the people was the basic standard of value when drawing up the policies. Secondly, political was the major reason when adjusting the policies. Thirdly, variety was the important manifestation when the policy putting into effect. At the same time, the culture policy of the CCP from 1949 to 1965 also had some lessons or experience such as the culture policy must accord with it’s realistic principles, must deal with the relationship among culture and politics and economic. The culture policy in this period acted very important role in the history of Chinese socialist culture, and will contribute many experiences to the future culture construction.