The Research On The Music Poetry Of Tang Dynasty

The Thesis is divided into four chapters, plus the introduction and conclusionaltogether six components. The cognition and definition related reference to the musicof Tang Dynasty poetry concept in the Introduction, is disentangled reasonably. Thetopic of the history and the status, is reviewed and investigated in the last section, andelaborated in general on the realistic significance and the theoretical value to study theargument.The turn from the Tang Dynasty Si Xian Play, Guan Chui Play, Beating musicand various forms of singing, and explores the historical and aesthetic research in theThesis, combined with the perception and cognition, which is the conclusion comesfrom, in order to make concordance of the truth of history and conform to the rule andlaw of the aesthetics.The first chapter: the musical chord of the mind--the Tang Dynasty Si XianPlay. This chapter collects more singing poems as piano, pipa, harp, zheng, konghou,etc, elaborated separately combining with the specific text. The Si Xian Play is sangby written form, or copy the phonology, or the appreciation of the artist skill, or theelaboration to the performance between the player and audience. The artisticconception is throughout the poem, the art is played by the poem, and the skill isgained by the skill. The music expressed by Si Xuan poet, inspired and impacted thepeople minds, which is set by the record of poetry, will generations to spread,inspired, excited for thousands of years and the soul.The string is our traditional ancient instrument,"the morality of string player isthe best of all the instruments’"(Ji Kang). In the Tang Dynasty, the Morality andConception of "mountain morality""river morality" expressed by the string music, isstill favorate of many poets, and there are many poets praise and eulogize of string music and poem."Impact and spirit in souls" expressed the power of music. However,in Kaiyuan and Tianbao years, the string suffered ignorance, especially by TangXuanzong, who not only said "not instered in it", but also expelled it from the royalcourt music. Some poets euphemistically expressed dissatisfaction to it through hispoems, or even attack by poem, such as "old tune is your favorate, but few peopleplays"(Liu Changqing),"the music is too old, even no one wants to listen"(Sima Li);"has been disused for a long time, never even can be played. Even someone can play,no one wants to listen. How comes? Because of Qiang Whistle and Qin String "(BaiJuyi), directly to it, no doubt. Therefore, the string skill sprout up in folk people sincethe Qin Dynasty, and the courtyard, some famous musicians, music come from thefolk people and Buddhist temple, and has produced numerous beautiful poems, poetsemerge in an endless stream. The skill and art of string get a rapid development, andpoetry expression also reached an unprecedented height.The pipa gets a better development in the Tang, from Li Shimin’s "Enjoyment" toall levels’ music, played by Pipa. No matter Royal or folk, temples, feast,congratulations, front-line of the war, farewell party, church, riverside, on boat and soon, Pipa is everywhere and in all kinds of form and sound. Since the Tang Dynasty,Pipa’s performance form changed, from pull to the hand play, and enlarging diapason,greatly improve its performance, playing for military march departure, entrusted witha kind of feeling. Most of Tang poetry are for the frontier, so is Pipa, insert into thepoetry, convey instant depict a journey to war, and historical understanding.Meanwhile, describing the sadness and bitter of the war vividly.The sad style andpassion, the solemn music and loud tune, make people love to read.The meaning beyond pipa’s sound, the poets have a profound understanding thanother people. Among all the expression of Pipa poems, Bai Juyi’s "song of Pipa" is thebest one, which gets most people esteem. The profound significance is that, first, thepoet understand the society and life deeply, as well as an kind of art. Second, the poetmaster the Pipa skill by the deep insight to the life, which can not be gained bycommon people, has been played thousands of years vividly. Poets can also make big difference than common people do, which is still in solution on the interpretation ofthe text. It is just an evidence to a seccessful work from the acceptance stand.Otherwise, no one make comments on it.Hu pipa, which comes from the western regions, plays the important role amongthe Tang Dynasty palace nobles, celebrity and entertainment. There are groups ofperformers come out, like He Huaizhi, Duan Shi, Li Guan Er, Kang Kunlun, CaoGang, etc, as well as a large number of beautiful poems about Pipa. As the historicalrecord at that time by the poets, precision and accuracy are the key point.The name of Se, is found at the earliest time in the "SHI JING". It is very ofter toplay String and Se simultaneously."String plays along with Se" and "Strike Stringand Se with Gu", uses to the descant music and expresses the special meaning. Yearslater, there are a lot of stories coming out, as Xiang Ling Gu Se, Jian Xian ZhangXian, etc, touching story of the legend. But Se does not develop well in the TangDynasty, poems on Se, either."The music, which make you touched deeply, is notfinished yet, another new instrument sound starts playing"(Li Yi) the value of thepoem is the "harmony", and can make new sound. Zheng has the same historical rootas Se, the spirit still inserts into it so far. KongHou is the popular string instrument inTang Dynasty. Because of several famous poet poems praise poetry, people can seethat the national level player Li Gong Feng, Li Ping, who is not only beautifulappearance,also be talented on the skill, Gu Kuangshi said:"only focus on hands,really feel hateful, just as only focus the hands on konghou, not on the player". Thepoet’s regret is for real--the "player", you can only feel the real meaning through thepoem in the art of imagination.The second chapter: the sound of Gu inspiring and comfort souls—Guan Chuimusic composed of Tang Poem. There are many kinds of instruments of Guan Chui inTang Dynasty, like Whistle, Hu, Xiao, BiLi, Sheng, Bei, Ye, Jia, Jiao, etc. Thechapter chooses them according to as the same principles as the First Chapter.The sound of Whistle, which combining with Qiang Whistle of Tang Dynasty,spread out in Tang. Tang poets are inspired by playing and listening, to compose poems spontaneously, exprssing their passions and comprehension. Because of itsindependence, simple and portable for playing and appreciation,Whistle is quiteextensive universality. In the military frontier, thousands of poems composed ofWhistle, including many famous works, like Song Zhi Wen’s "Whistle", WangChangling’s "Whistle on the boat", Li Bai’s "Whistle in Midnight" and “Appreciatingthe Whistle with Shi Lang Zhong Qin at HuangHeLou", Gao Shi’s "Whistle atfortress camps", etc, which expressing their aspirations or hard life at fortress camps.Wang Zhihuan’s "Liangzhou" is the best one in all of those, which is full of profoundsignificance, and tone impacts audience deeply, making people imagining themslvesin it.There are also a large number of Whislte poems, desctibing the feeling of part,caused the emotion to hometown. These poems are full of colorful and beautifulmatters, such as Li Bai’s "Whistle at the night of Luoyang"; Liu Changqing’s "Whistlefor ZhengXieLv’s leaving"; Du Fu "Playing Whistle"; Li Yi "Arrival ShouXiang Cityat night”, Shi JianWu;“Night Whistle”; Zhang Hu "Li Mo Whistle" Weizhuang"Whistle at village"; Wang Changling "Military march sevens"; Wang Wei " LongTou Yin", etc, have been expressing the Whistle bright rhythm from Tang Dynasty tonow. Zheng Gu’s "Farewell on Huai Shang", which performs beautiful Whistlesounds, is the unique in thousands of years.Sheng poem and Hu Jia poem become popular in Tang Dynasty, owing to theactual performance, and the performance of Sheng and Hu Jia art form, is combiningwith the real life of Tang Dynasty."The Phoenix" is just Sheng, means that the springof Sheng lining up like Phoenix wings, so named it."Look at sky at mid night, andplay Sheng lonely, only feel quiet and cold at the dawn". There also are many ofpoets say, Sheng sounds coldly and make people feel sad easily."Gui Jiu is cold, butnot easy to get drunk; Sheng sounds cold, and make things frozen"(Li Qunyu);"Seemoon light and smell the air, know that rain is coming; the curtain and firing candlecan not be blurred by fog".(Li Shangyin), People have some comments on Li’s Poetry:"He is more like the type of people, who understands the life than masters the poems". This sentence strikes people strongly at that time! The grateful feeling of Poets to thereality, the warm criticism and human judgement, all makes people trust the leteratureeven in generations later and be inspired.Hu Jia, coming from the western regions and North at beginning, leads a huge ofpassion, which is strong enough to impact the HAN and WEI Dynasty. Hu Jia poem isimpacted deeply in Tang Dynasty, owing to Cai Yan’s “Hu Jia Eighteen Pai” closely.The mournful sound of it, not only the Han people, also the Hu people feel the tremor,which would express the music power in itself, and proves the eclecticism to theliterature and art of Tang people from another side.The poetry of Jiao and BiLi, inspired the military moral, and aroused thehomesick as well."Hu people playing Jiao at Han City, the moon is white and it iscold on the autumn of desert. Playing is not finished and the dawn is coming, no onecan stop missing their homes".(Wu Yuanheng). BiLi, also known as BiLi,"this isnational music, sounds like sad Li music, but different from the Jia"(Duan An Jiesays),"How come the snow fly in the cold winter night, but sounds like birds singingand spring coming? The neighbour woman missing her home day and night, all thepassion expressed by the music"(Liu Shang). Heard the music from next door at night,it is cold winter, but the music sounds like birds singing and spring coming. Howbeautiful it is!"the music’s sound flies not too far, but the profound significance cannot be reached even the music done"(Zhang Hu);"BiLi can express the passions,sounds even like cicada’s sob and nightingale’s sadness, as well as the humanlanguage expressed by two hands"(Xue Tao);"Can not stop playing to release thepassions, even fingers broken in blood. Feeling better when the performance is done "(Li Shangyin). These poems expresses the deep and sad passions for real with variousliterated language, which arousing the emotion, and poetry show a beautiful picture ofit.The third chapter: The hiting music impacts and strikes to the thought and souls----Tang Poetry Percussion. The Tang Dynasty includes many kinds of Percussion,such as Jie Gu, Yao Gu, Jie Gu, Mao Yuan Gu, Du Tan Gu, DaLaGu (Kai Gu), Ji Lou Gu, Qi Gu, Dan Gu, Lian Gu, Tao Gu, Fu Gu, Pan Bi, NaoGu, Wang Gu, Tong Guand others, which used for Gu Chui music, as well as Fang Xiang, Zhong, Zheng,Duo, Nao, Ling, Ba, Pan, Pai Ban, etc. In most of them, Gu and Jie Gu poems make alarge proportion. As many years early, the "Shi Jing" has recorded its shape, sounds,and spirit. These traditional Chinese musical instruments also plays a significant roleto the temples, military, music and cultural in Tang Dynasty. The Fu Gu is also thealarm emergency signal. The Hua Gu uses for singing and dancing:"It is normal tohear Hua Gu accompanied with happy scene, but those people, who see someone off,hate to hear the sound at that time”(Li Ying), it is normal feeling, the Hua Gu shouldhave mad people in happiness, but for those people, who see their families off, hatingto hear it. The normal matters often arouses abnormal feelings. People in the ancienthitting drum, to inform of the time. The Pi Gu is for military, with huge sound, whichnot only made Queen Yang die, but also led Tang Dynasty fall down. The GuanXian Gu, Yue Zhong Gu and Da Gu play very important role in the people life. Thosepoems of praising Gu, have been inspiring people, feeling excited. The Jie Gu,which is taken as "the Top of eight domains" by Tang Ming Huang, is not as bright asothers, just for the Royals appreciationg and entertainment.Fang Xiang, can be performed solo in Tang Dynasty, or accompaniment, thesound is sonorous and clear. There are too many poets, who singing Tang poems topraise it. The sound of "Ding Dong" is so bright and clear, repeatedly struck thepeople’s minds, especially aroused the traveler emotion. Pan also belongs to HanDynasty percussion instrument. There is an argument on SiBin stone and Hua Yuanstone in Tang Dynasty, they represent two different views to the music, whichexpressing the inner world, is prodounded, as well as the high level appreciation to themusic. Kong Zi is one of the brilliant characters, who impacts the Dynasty’s art still.The fourth chapter: Singing through the depth of heart---the Tang Poems. Thischapter is elaborated in details on Tang Music Poems, which is described naturallyand vividly. Arguments between poetry and songs, making people recognize thecomposed reality in Tang Dynasty, of which the poetry and songs’ get a unprecedented development, so, sprouting out famous poets and works in largenumbers. The argument on theory is relatively minority, on the contrary, singing andcomposing poems are majority and emerging a large number of works. But theargument comes out and disputes very often in many works after Tang Dynasty."None poets are not singing", the Five and Seven Jue Ju both can be played and sang,and many great works have a recital of this chapter.In addition to "Jue Ju", those poems, named in words, music, songs, tune andballads, all can be sang. There are many poems, or even a voluminous work, whichcan be played by Guan Xian and sang by lyrics. There are many examples in thischapter, and "Chun Jiang Hua night" and "Jin Se" are the representative works.The conclusion have three summarized parts: first, the topic is named in the TangDynasty’s music poems. All of what elaborated and disputed on, are the leitmotiv ofconsideration. Second, Tang poetry is a huge treasure of art, no matter how to classify,no matter where to start researching, you can see, the typicality and plenty of Tangpoetry’s text, makes all theoretical comments on it weak, makes all kinds oftransformation of Tang poetry as the art endless resource, and the argument will keepgoing, no end. All in all, the argument and disputation are only taken as "expressingthe aspiration through works", but not as the "conclusion". Third, the last chapter ofthis thesis, substantially is the comparison of text and words, which is on the basis ofthe leitmotiv of poetry, of which the essential character attributes to the music at thebeginning. The character can not only be spread easily, also make the language morepowerful in itself. Tang poetry is already the Top of Chinese poetry, and the poetry ofmusic, as the masterpiece, is more subtle, expressing the essential characteristics ofpoetry perfectly.