Research On Yang Clan Of Hong Nong Prefecture And The Literature Of Sui Dynasty

This thesis discussed Yang Clan of Hong Nong prefecture and the literature of Sui Dynasty. Though several doubts existed, families of Yang Jian and Yang Su of Sui Dynasty are the descendants of Yang Clan of Hong Nong prefecture which is proved by official history. Before reliable negative evidences were given, the official history should be followed. As Yang Jian, etc. should participated in the writing of assizes and memorial to the throne, articles like this were included in the signers of Yang Jian and Yang Guang, etc. except clear records or evidences proved it wasn’t write by them.Yang Clan of Hong Nong prefecture resided in Hua Yin of Hong Nong prefecture, started due to military exploit firstly at Han Dynasty and gradually turned to literature and Confucianism. At Dong Han Dynasty, Yang Zhen convinced the Confucian and was powerful in government. Furthermore, he focused on family custom and Yang Clan of Hong Nong prefecture was flourished and later Yang families were gone by the name of descendants of Yang Zhen. At Wei and Jing Dynasty, Yang Clan of Hong Nong prefecture declined and one family of them transformed to military force to flourish their clan but failure and became genocide. At South and North Dynasty, northern Yang families represented by families of Yang Bo, Yang Jian and Yang Su flourished by military force and literature and became the representative of Guan Long Group. Finally, Yang Jian won the world and Yang Clan of Hong Nong prefecture reached its climax. Overall, before South and North Dynasty, few writings and literary creations were did by Yang Clan of Hong Nong prefecture, though great emphasis was devoted to culture, education and family custom. Development of Yang Clan of Hong Nong prefecture was affected by culture of Guan Long district and Hu race, as a result, both literature and military were possessed by Yang Clan of Hong Nong prefecture. This trend also affected its literary concepts and cultural policy, and then affected the development and direction of literature of Sui Dynasty.After Wei and Jing Dynasty, many gentry participated in literary world to create literary works consciously because of the status elevation of literary, then, a typical family literature formatted. The royal family was also influenced by this trend. The royal literature was popular and looked forward to the evolution and development of literature. This became the salient feature of this period. Influenced by this ideological trend, Yang Clan of Hong Nong prefecture began to accept literature and participate in literary creation at South and North Dynasty. At Sui Dynasty, as a political successful royal family, members of Yang Clan of Hong Nong prefecture were interested in art and participated in literary creation. More than four hundred works made by over twenty members were handed down which made the Yang Clan of Hong Nong prefecture become the primary literary family at Sui Dynasty. Among which the representatives were Yang Guang, Yang Su, Yang Jian and Queen Xiao whose literary achievements were the most highest. What is more, Yang Guang became the leader of literary word of later period of Sui Dynasty. Yang Guang and Yang Su advocated and promoted the rhyming of poetry and the creation of new poetry, which contributed a lot to the poetry climax of Tang Dynasty. At the same time, the frontier fortress of Tang Dynasty succeeded from that of Yang Guang and Yang Su, etc. directly. Poetries of Tang Dynasty often draw verses and images of poetries of Yang Clan of Hong Yang prefecture, it indicated the great and direct influence of Yang Clan of Hong Nong prefecture on later literature especially poetry. However, the literary achievement and status of Yang Clan of Hong Nong prefecture was not recognized for a long time because of depreciating to Yang Guang and Yang Su. This phenomenon needed to be changed.The relationship between literary of Sui Dynasty and Yang Clan of Hong Nong prefecture was close, and a notable characteristics of Sui Dynasty literary groups was the attachment to the royal family members. As a political force, members of Yang Clan of Hong Nong prefecture attracted numerous literary men and made up many literary groups which represented by the court group employed by the emperor Yang Jian, the Eastern Palace group belonged to the prince Yang Yong, Jiang Du group belonged to Yang Guang who is the king of Jing and the court group employed by him after he became the emperor. Almost all important writers of Sui Dynasty were included in these literary groups. A special literary atmosphere formatted as these literary attendants giving service to the regime of Yang Clan of Hong Nong prefecture. At South and North Dynasty, south of Changjiang River was the centre of literary. Because of the practice of "Yong Ming Poetry" and "Palace Poetry" and the efforts of many literary men, the rhythm and techniques of poetry had been greatly developed. During the exchange between the south and north sect, the northern literature began a process of "Shothernization". With the unification by Sui Dynasty, the exchange and blending of the North-South literature was speeded up. Yang Clan of Hong Nong prefecture played a very important role in this process. As members of the royal family, they affected the evolution and direction of literary through reform and initiative. At the same time, they affected the development of the whole literary world by controlling and affecting the literary groups attached to them.The influences of Buddhist of Sui and Tang Dynasty on the politics, society and literature were huge and far-reaching. Majority members of Yang Clan of Hong Nong prefecture were pious Buddhists. As the royal family, its religious beliefs, cultural policy and strategies on religions also impacted the development of religion greatly. As a devout Buddhist, Yang Guang was influenced by Buddhism culture deeply, which was reflected by his works obviously. Therefore, he was the special bridge among the politics, literature and Buddhism of Sui Dynasty, but also became the key to understand and grasp the relations among these three aspects. Form view of literature, Yang Guang was a devout and rational Buddhist because of the influence of family, politics and the development of Buddhism and so on. He was highly regarded the Buddhists led by monk Chih and accepted its ideological influence. Therefore, a large number of works of Yang Guang were related to Buddhism, in which the Buddhist, Buddhism and the Buddha situation embodied his complex to Buddhist. It indicates that relationships among literature, politics and religion were delicate and special, thus showing a three-dimensional ecological feature.