Research On Establishment Of Monitoring System Of Drug Residues In Animal-origin Food Of China

After nearly 10 years’ development, the monitoring system of drug residue of animal-origin food in China, established in 1999, has made considerable progress, especially in the increase of monitoring animal species, drug type, region and sampling number year after year. And it has passed the survey of expert groups from the European Union, the United States, Japan and Canada and other developed countries for many times. But compared with developed countries, China’s monitoring system of drug residue of animal-origin food has lots of problems: there is a serious discrepancy between monitoring plans and inspections of day-to-day sampling and the import-export sample, the monitoring plans did not play a leading role in the national monitoring system, the monitoring system is also difficult to be a supporting and basic system for monitoring animal-origin food safety. Furthermore, the continuous increment of the threshold of international food safety results in more serious situation of animal-origin food safety. Since hundreds of detections for harmful substances are required, such as agricultural chemicals, veterinary drug residue and environmental pollutants, it is difficult to ensure animal-origin food safety to rely on batch test and sampling detection. Therefore, it is urgent to develop and improve the monitoring system and monitoring plans of drug residue in animal-origin food, and thoroughly change the supervision model of animal-origin food safety by monitoring instead of detection in China.This dissertation is based on lots of data and information, such as Chinese residue monitoring plans and summary reports over the past 10 years, audit reports on monitoring system of drug residue of animal-origin food in China made by the European Union, United States, and et al., audit reports each other from European Union, United States, Japan, and et al., spot-audit report on member countries of European Union, United States and Japan et al. made by our experts, data and information obtained from negotiations and communication of General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of China with other countries and some public information from official website. In this work, the monitoring systems of drug residue of animal-origin food and its implementations in China, European Union, America and Japan were further discussed and comparative studied in regulations and laws system, implementing organizations, technical support system, and implementation of the monitoring plan. It was suggested that the monitoring system of drug residue of animal-origin food in China has a lot of insufficient and defects compared to developed countries. Furthermore, based on the comparative study results, a development strategy of our country’s monitoring system of drug residue in animal-origin food was proposed. The objective of this work was to provide the scientific basis and decision-making support for improving of management system of animal-origin food safety in China, establish and improve the monitoring system which accords with national conditions, realize the whole process monitor of animal-origin food safety "from farm to table", reduce the hazards of harmful substances residues in animal-origin food to a minimum and set an example for other food safety monitor. The contents and results of the present study are as follow:1. The evaluation of the monitoring systems of drug residue of animal-origin food in China, European Union, United States and Japan shows that:(1) In the past 10 years, China’s monitoring plan of drug residue in animal-origin food was continuous improved and played an irreplaceable role in promoting the export of animal-origin food with the increase of monitoring species and sampling area year by year, and the constant improvement of scientific, timeliness, reasonableness of residual monitoring plan. However, the monitoring system of drug residue of animal-origin food in China has a lot of insufficient and defects in many aspects because of unclear of legal status.(2) The European Union, as the first area which put forward the monitoring plan, has established a set of regulations and directives covering all the main points of residue monitoring, which provided the guarantee of the organization and regulation for effective operation of the monitoring plan. But due to the large numbers of the EU member and the uneven development, the monitoring plan can not be implemented completely according to the regulation in the process of the actual operation. Also, the relaxed monitoring of food safety between EU members may result in the entire European Union affected by food safety issues in a member state of EU.(3) United States has a dynamic system of food safety with continuous improvement. In U.S., the monitoring system of drug residue in animal-origin food which operates efficiently and cooperates tacitly has been established, and the whole process monitor of animal-origin food safety "from farm to table" has been truly realized. But there are lots of problems in American’s monitoring system, such as narrow coverage of monitoring plan, lack of communication between departments, lagging equipment for inspection, less pertinence of monitoring plan and non-strict quality control; (4) Japan, one of countries with the most perfect security system and the most strictly supervision measures in food safety in the world, divides the inspection of the import animal-origin food into monitoring inspection, strengthen monitoring inspection and order inspection according to the risk level using the principles of risk analysis. However, as a result of its monitoring plan only for imports of food, in addition to the "arbitrary" and "uncertainty" of Japanese Health, Labor and Welfare in the establishing and implementing residue monitoring plans, the monitoring plan of drug residue in animal-origin food has become technical barriers to regulate the import trade of animal origin-food, rather than tools to control the animal-origin food safety.2. The comparative study of the monitoring system of drug residue of animal-origin food in European Union, United States, Japan and China shows that the monitoring system of drug residue of animal-origin food in China has lots of defects in regulations and laws system, implementing organizations, technical support system, and implementation of the monitoring plan. It is the conclusion that the lack of legal status is the most fundamental reason which restricts the further development of our country’s monitoring system of drug residue in animal-origin food.3. For the lack of legal basis and unclear of legal status are the basic reason that the monitoring plan of drug residue was not the supporting and basic system for monitoring animal-origin food safety, in China, the monitoring plan of drug residue should be improved mainly by improving support system of laws and regulations of the drug residue monitor in animal-origin food, clearing the legal status of the monitoring system, standardizing the veterinary drug management, strengthening the source control, implement the corporation’s responsibility for self-inspection and self-control, standardizing the establishment and implement of monitoring plan, developing the electronic information system for risk early warning, reforming lab system and inspection method system and strengthening the control of inspection quality. At the same time, we should increase the sampling number and coverage area of monitoring plan to play its leading role in monitoring system of animal-origin food safety.In this dissertation, we first in-depth summarize and evaluate the monitoring system of drug residue in animal-origin food in China, European Union, United States and Japan; first comparative study the system of laws and regulations, monitoring system of drug residue of animal-origin food in China, European Union, United States and Japan; first put forward the development strategy of monitoring system of drug residue in animal-origin food, which accords with national conditions and approaches international tendency.It is the objective of this work to develop China monitoring system of drug residue in animal-origin food which accords with national conditions and approaches international tendency, radically solve bottleneck problem which constraints the further development of monitoring system of drug residue in animal-origin food in China, provide decision support for Chinese scientific development of monitoring system of drug residue in animal-origin food and the scientific change of monitoring model, and finally form the trinity management model of animal-origin food safety with the basis of source monitor, guarantee of process control and validation of random sampling in China. It is well known that scientific monitoring system and new monitoring model will not only improve management level and efficiency of animal-origin food safety in our country, but also dramatically reduce the cost of food safety management. Therefore, the research achievement in this work, which will increase overall safety level of animal-origin food of our country and set the example for safety monitor of other food, has wide application prospects.