| Genuine medicinal materials was the quality Chinese medicinal materials,the development of traditional Chinese medicine required genuine regional drug and Accelerated its production. Chrysanthemi flos was the large traditional Chinese medicinal materials and used commonly, “Fubaiju” was one of the Chrysanthemi flos Cultivars, planted in Hubei Macheng and the Futian Town of the southern Dabie Mountain as the center, already developed into one of the three major varieties of Chrysanthemi flos Goods. In order to suit one’s measures to local conditions to formulate the SOP of Hubei Genuine medicinal materials Fubaiju, guide the every link from the field cultivation to become medicinal materials of Fubaiju region. In this paper will conduct the systematic research on the key cultivation techniques, to make the Fubaiju production and quality to further improve, production in line with the national requirements of GAP. On this basis, in order to prevent the genuine Chrysanthemi flos Fubaiju was blind introduction, launched the study of producing area ecological suitability, to provide a basis for introduction, promotion, scientific planning and layout of Fubaiju. In the different nodes of Fubaiju productive process, investigated the production present situation through penetration its main production area, collected and arranged the local traditional productive experience, proposed and discussesed the main problems that existing in the production, included the following aspects: rich germplasm resources, hybrid cultivation type; ignoring the choice of crops; basic fertilizer applied shortage; pesticide residue and pollution; effect of harvesting period; not scientific seed; despising winter ploughing timely; extended division propagation etc, and analysised the impact on yield and quality of Fubaiju in these issues, through the investigation and study, lay a solid foundation to carry out the GAP of Fubaiju which more focused,and promoted its GAP process.During the whole growth of Fubaiju, observed the growth process, researched the flowering biology, To study the blooming habits ﹑ pollen viability and stigma receptivity of Fubaiju, in order to provide theoretical basis for the breeding. Understanding the blooming habits by dynamic observation on the process of blossom, evaluating the pollen viability by germination in vitro culture method and estimating stigma receptivity by benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method. The results showed: about the pollen viability, there were no significant differences between the flowers which in the same round of the capitulum; tubular flowers in the center of a capitulum were significantly higher than that on the edge; In the morning pollen vitality gradually raised, during 11:00 ~ 14: 00 maintain the highest, and then gradually decreased; tubular flower began to loose powder on the third day, during 4th~6th day the pollen viability was highest, respectively was 35.12 %, 39.89 %, 38.12 %, then gradually decreased, on the 15 th day was only 7.41%, finally turned into wither. Regard to the stigma receptivity, tubular flowers in the center of a capitulum were significantly higher than that on the edge, outer edge ligulate flower had no receptivity; revealed the strongest during 13 : 00 ~ 14: 00 in one day; during the 5th~7th day was the strongest after flowering. The regulation of the stigma secreted mucus existed great consistency with the stigma receptivity, namely the stigma receptivity usually was strong when it secreted large number mucus. Through our research, understand the blossom habits of Fubaiju, as well as the dynamic changes regulation of pollen viability and stigma receptivity during its blossom, which could be used to select the flowers in a capitulum which were on the more suitable period and position for artificial pollination and hybridization breeding research.In order to explore the reasonable planting density of fubaiju, improved the land utilization efficiency and the yield, intend different cultivation density setting corresponding processing, hope to provide a theoretical basis for the optimum planting density of Fubaiju that cultivate in Macheng. Used randomized block experimental design, according to the planting density set 5 treatments: 2 000, 2 500, 3 000, 3 500, 4 000 plants /667m2. The results showed that with the increase of planting density the yield continuously increased, when the density increased to 3 000 plants /667m2, the yield reached the maximum. Later, even density continues to increase, the increase in yield was also not, but show a downward trend instead. In the planting density increased from 2 500 plants /667m2 to 3 000 plants /667m2, change of yield did not reach significant level.So, suitable field planting density of Fubaiju was 2500 ~ 3000 plants /667m2, namely the spacing in the rows and spacing between rows wass 40 cm × 55 ~ 67 cm.In order to investigate plastic film mulching cultivation effects on plant traits and yield of Fubaiju, and detected the inhibitory effect of weeds. Set two treatments the black plastic film mulching and open field cultivation, used randomized block design, observed the growth of weeds, and statistical analysed the yield of main plant characters. The results showed: variance analysed each district yield of two treatments, F=25.8 ﹥ F0.01=21.2, the difference achieved extremely significant level; variance analysis’ s F values of plant height, total branch number and total flower number were 1.7, 4.0 and 1.4 less than F0.05=7.7, variance analysis’ s F values of the basal stem diameter and fresh weight of hundred inflorescences were 10.0 and 13.8 more than F0.05=7.7. The research showed that compared to open field cultivation, plastic film mulching can effectively control the weeds, had no significant effect on plant height, total number of branches and total flower number, but significantly increased basal stem diameter and fresh weight of hundred inflorescences, and yield increase reached extremely significant level.Through research on the survival rate of Fubaiju cuttings by different concentration of IBA and selected parts of cutting, according to different parts of the alternative cuttings established 3 kinds of treatments(upper, middle, lower), and different concentration of IBA established 5 kinds of treatments(0 mg/L,500 mg/L, 1 000 mg/L, 1 500 mg/L, 2 000 mg/L), carried out contrast test. Choosed the different parts as cuttings showed, selected the upper part of new stem grower this year as cuttings, the survival rate highest reached 92.33%, significantly higher than selected the central and lower as cuttings. The results of different concentration of IBA managed cuttings, showed that, IBA was the plant growth promoter which good at promoting cuttings rooting of Fubaiju, in the range of 0 ~ 1500mg/L, the survival rate with the increase of IBA concentration, increased significantly, increased from 56.33 % to 94 %, then continue to increase concentration, the survival rate decreased. Therefore, in the cuttage breeding process of Fubaiju, should choose in the upper of branch as cuttings, and processed by 1500mg/L IBA solution, the survival rate of cuttings was the highest, through experiment provide a theoretical basis for cuttage breeding of Fubaiju.Compared the yield of Fubaiju which reproduced by different methods, and analyzed the plant characters which had a significant effect on plant production, in order to provide theoretical basis for suitable reproduction methods and field management measures in cultivation process of Fubaiju. Used randomized block design in the field experiment, and combined with variance analysis and regression analysis, comparative analysis the yield by different propagation methods and main traits of Fubaiju. The results showed that,the plant yield of cutting propagation was significantly higher than the division propagation, the difference reached extremely significant level; the capitulum’s number was the main factors that constituted the production(r = 0.933), followed by the plant total number of branches(r = 0.819). Therefore,in the cultivation process of Fubaiju, used cutting propagation and through timely topping measures to promote plant branches could extremely effectively increased yield.To clear the diseases and pests species during the growth period of Fubaiju, and established effective prevention and control measures according to the type which serious harmed. During the growth period, conducted the preliminary investigation of the diseases and pests, according to the pathogenesis of serious diseases, used randomized block experiment design, conducted control effect comparison test of different chemical. The investigation showed that, the harm kinds were brown spot disease, virus disease, downy mildew, powdery mildew and aphids. The controled effect test results of brown spot disease showed that, 3% polyoxin WP 600 times liquid and 50% carbendazim WP 800 times liquid, after the 2 application, the control effect respectively reached 80.88% and 79.66%, the disease index respectively decreased to 9.16 and 10.23. Controled effect was very good, could control the development and popular of brown spot disease.Investigated and collected the traditional productive experience of Fubaiju in macheng which was the real estate areas of Chrysanthemi flos in Hubei Province, on this basis, organized the results of preliminary studies, including ecological environmental monitoring, chrysanthemum germplasm, seedling techniques, breeding techniques, cultivation techniques, the best harvest time, processing technology, packaging, transportation, and quality assessment etc. Formulated the SOP of Fubaiju by suit one’s measures to local conditions, to provide guidance of Chrysanthemi Flos production which could complied with the GAP requirements for the producing area.To study the ecological suitability numerical regionalization of Fubaiju, selected 8 data collection points, which was the main planting area, as data analysis basis point, and acquisition 10~15 samples in the near the point, extracted the best ecological factor value by used the database of national climate and soil, formed each factor range as a suitable ecological factor range for Fubaiju grow. Used the TCMGIS analysis system, obtained the regional distribution of the national and in Hubei Province that ecological similarity in 90% ~ 100%, to provide theoretical basis for enlarged planting area and scientific layout of Fubaiju. |
PDF Full Text Request