Structure To Achieve The New Seedling-Growing Bowl Tray Made By Paddy-Straw For Cold Resign And Its Effects On Rice Production

Shortage of effective water resources in rice growing period, abnormal changes temperature in seeding period and strong wind in transplanting period are the main bottlenecks of Chinese rice production in cold regions. Tests have proved that cultivation technology of seedling-growing bowl tray made by paddy straw (the Technology) is one of the effective means to break the bottleneck. Currently, Japanese cultivation technology of seedling-growing bowl tray is the international leader. But the expensive production inputs restrict its large scale application. Therefore, to carry out the research of the Technology suitable for the characteristics of China’s cold regions has great practical significance, theoretical value and promotion prospects.This paper took the analysis of related research of existing meteorological data and future trends on China’s cold regions over the years as the defined condition. It comprehensively used methods such as field experiment, laboratory tests and optimization of the integrated value of the weight based on the concept of seedling-growing bowl tray made of paddy-straw. And taking crop wastes as the main raw material, this paper designed the new seedling-growing bowl tray made of paddy-straw (the New Carrier) and studied its structure design and implementation. In addition, taking the New Carrier as the research object, this paper carried out the adaptability research of water-supply stress, temperature stress and wind stress and the effect on the overall benefits of rice production. The followings are the main conclusions:(1) Through mechanics and seedling-growing greenhouse tests, the New Carrier’s structure and critical dimensions were made sure. The lateral dimension was277mm, longitudinal dimension was105.7mm, and the pore size of the vent hole was2mm.(2) Changing the mold’s translational motion to circular motion, we developed the cold pressed continuous production system for the New Carrier, and got the best process parameters with weight analysis method:The rotational line speed of the forming roll was2.5m·min-1straw content reached65%, the thickness of the mixing was5mm, and the distance of retreating wire rod position was4mm.(3) Through two years’pot tests and under full irrigation condition, the overall water requirement of the New Carrier’s cultivation pattern decreased1.78%and3.12%compared with cultivation pattern of seedling-growing flat tray. The water use efficiency increased13.87%and18.71%. Under different water supply conditions, numbers of efficient tillers of the New Carrier’s cultivation pattern increased20%and10.4%compared with cultivation pattern of seedling-growing flat tray. Sensitivity to water in growing period of the two cultivation patterns in descending order were:heading and flowering stage> jointing-booting stage> milking stage> tillering stage.(4) Through greenhouse temperature regulation tests, the New Carrier can decrease the effect of temperature stress, improving seedling emergence rate and seedling survival rate. When the growing period was under low temperature stress (-2-4℃) and in low temperature cycle (8-20h), the seedling emergence rate increased3.1%～17.6%and3.4%～15.1%than the seedling-growing flat tray.High temperature stress occurred in pulvinus extraction stage, weaning stage and four-leaf growing stage, the seedling survival rate of the New Carrier increased26%,23.3%and16.4%compared with the seedling-growing flat tray.(5) Through low-speed wind tunnel tests and analysis of the effect of wind stress on the floating seedling rate, we got the conclusion:when the wind speed was between6-12m·s-1, the floating seedling rate decreased1.36%-3.05%.(6) The cultivation pattern of the New Carrier can improve comprehensive benefits of rice production. Compared with the cultivation pattern of seedling-growing flat tray and Japanese cultivation pattern of seedling-growing bowl tray, the average production inputs decreased-311.86RMB and2606.14RMB; The yield increased10.59%and13.54%; The rice quality has been improved, and the soil structure and organic matter content has been improved.