Study On Ecological Function Of Different Forest Restoration Patterns In Xuzhou Limestone Mountain

The research object of this paper are6kinds of forest restoration patterns in xuzhoulimestone mountain that include Platyclatdus orientalis,Platyclatdus orientalis×Firmianasimplex,Platyclatdus orientalis×Ligustrum lucidum,Platyclatdus orientalis×Liquidambar form-osana,Platyclatdus orientalis×Koelreuteria paniculata,Platyclatdus orientalis×Cotinus coggyg-ria.The methods of linear analysis and analytical hierarchy process were used to analysis andexplore characteristics and difference of some indexes in soil properties,hydrologicaleffect,community species diversity and carbon storage.Also,ecological function of forestrestoration patterns were research to understand characteristics of different forest restorationpatterns and select suitable restoration pattern.Moreover,the results will provide a theoreticalbasis for regional ecological environment.Testing and analysing soil properties on different restoration patterns is conductive tounderstand relationships between restoration patterns and soil characteristics,and is important toforest restoration and reconstruction in limestone mountain.The results of soil physicalproperties show that Platyclatdus orientalis×Firmiana simplex has the smallest soil bulkdensity and the greatest soil moisture in6forest restoration patterns,the soil total porosity ofPlatyclatdus orientalis×Firmiana simplex is next to Platyclatdus orientalis×Liquidambarformosana.Taken as a whole,Platyclatdus orientalis×Firmiana simplex is better than other5forest restoration patterns on improving soil physical properties.Obvious differences wereobserved in the soil chemical properties under different forest restoration patterns and no onehas the obvious advantage.Comparing with Platyclatdus orientalis plantation,5kinds of coniferand broad-leaved mixed plantations do not show obvious advantages on soil characteristics.Evaluation ecological function is based on the differences of hydrological effect under6forest restoration patterns.Water-holding capacity of vegetation canopy and litter under6forestrestoration patterns were measured by simple water-absorption method.Water-holding capacityin soil were measured by cutting ring method.The results were as follows:water-holdingcapacity displays significantly difference in different vegetation canopy,Platyclatdusorientalis×Firmiana simplex has bettern water-holding capacity than others.Water-holdingcapacity of vegetation canopy depends on branch and leaf of tree layer.In water-holdingcapacity of litte,5kinds of coniferous and broadleaved mixed forests are superior toPlatyclatdus orientalis,furthermore,Platyclatdus orientalis×Ligustrum lucidum and Platyclatd-us orientalis×Cotinus coggygria are superior to other3kinds of coniferous and broadleavedmixed forests.Soil saturated water-holding capacity displays significantly difference under6forest restoration patterns,Platyclatdus orientalis×Liquidambar formosana is best,Platyclatdusorientalis×Ligustrum lucidum is least.Total water-holding capacity were ordered byPlatyclatdus orientalis×Liquidambar formosana>Platyclatdus orientalis×Firmiana simplex>Pl-atyclatdus orientalis×Cotinus coggygria>Platyclatdus orientalis>Platyclatdus orientalis×Ligu- strum lucidum>Platyclatdus orientalis×Koelreuteria paniculata.Soil saturated water-holdingcapacity performs a decisive function on the total water-holding capacity.Plant community diversity is an important indicator in prosess of forest restoration. Thespecies richness index, shannon index,Simpson index,Pielou index,Alatalo index werecompared for different vegetation patterns.The results are as follows:Platyclatdusorientalis×Cotinus coggygria and Platyclatdus orientalis×Liquidambar formosana containmore species richness than other forest restoration patterns.The shannon-Wiennerindex,Simpson index,Pielou index were ordered by Platyclatdus orientalis×Liquidambarformosana>Platyclatdus orientalis×Cotinus coggygria>Platyclatdus orientalis×Ligustrumlucidum>Platyclatdus orientalis×Koelreuteria paniculata>Platyclatdus orientalis>Platyclatdusorientalis×Firmiana simplex.Platyclatdus orientalis×Ligustrum lucidum has the highest Alataloindex in different forest restoration patterns,and Platyclatdus orientalis is lowest in Alataloindex.Comparing shannon index,Simpson index and Pielou index,Platyclatdus orientalis aresuperior to Platyclatdus orientalis×Firmiana simplex,lower than other forest restorationpatterns,this show coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest could enhance Plant communitydiversity.Research on carbon storage in different forest restoration patterns is beneficial tounderstand carbon sequestration potential and select appropriate tree species and patterns.Theresults show that:total carbon storage under different forest restoration patterns followed asequence of Platyclatdus orientalis×Firmiana simplex>Platyclatdus orientalis×Ligustrumlucidum>Platyclatdus orientalis×Liquidambar formosana>Platyclatdus orientalis>Platyclatdusorientalis×Koelreuteria paniculata>Platyclatdus orientalis×Cotinus coggygria.Carbon storagein soil accounted for54.333%-78.290%and has a decisive role on total carbon storage.Carbonstorage in vegetation accounted for20.213%-44.414%in total carbon storage.Carbon storage inarbor accounted for82.788%-95.775%and has a absolute advantage in vegetation carbonstorage.Carbon storage of Platyclatdus orientalis accounted for59.042%-96.845%in arborcarbon storage.Firmiana simplex and Ligustrum lucidum are better than Liquidambarformosana and Cotinus coggygria on carbon sequestration potential.Neutral sugar is an important component of Carbohydrate component in soil,neutral sugarsin soil and litterfall under different forest restoration patterns in limestone mountain weremeasured by capillary gas chromatography.Results showed that: the content of soil neutralsugars were ordered by Platyclatdus orientalis×Liquidambar formosana>latyclatdusorientalis×Ligustrum lucidum>Platyclatdus orientalis>Platyclatdus orientalis×Firmiana simp-lex>Platyclatdus orientalis×Cotinus coggygria>latyclatdus orientalis×Koelreuteria paniculata.In Platyclatdus orientalis,Platyclatdus orientalis×Cotinus coggygria,Platyclatdus orientalis×Koelreuteria paniculata,the galactose has the highest content.In Platyclatdus orientalis×Ligust-rum lucidum,Platyclatdus orientalis×Firmiana simplex,Platyclatdus orientalis×Liquidambarformosana,the rhamnose has the highest content.The content of fucose and mannose in soilare relative less.The content of litterfall neutral sugars followed a sequence of Platyclatdusorientalis×Liquidambar formosana>latyclatdus orientalis×Ligustrum lucidum>Platyclatdus orientalis×Cotinus coggygria>Platyclatdus orientalis×Firmiana simplex>latyclatdusorientalis×Koelreuteria paniculata>Platyclatdus orientalis.Five kinds of broadleaved mixedforest restoration patterns are higher than Platyclatdus orientalis in neutral sugar content,andthat have the highest glucose content.The ratio of (galactose+mannose)/(arabinose+xylose) insoil was around2.970-3.142,illustrating that the neutral sugars in soil dominated by thesix-carbon sugars derived from microorganisms.The ratio of (galactose+mannose)/(arabinose+xylose) in litterfall was around0.332-1.444,indicating that the neutral sugars in litterfalldominated by the five-carbon sugars derived from vegetation.To assess the benefits of different forest restoration patterns in limestone mountain,thispaper applies for the methods of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and establishscomprehensive evaluation index system that including18ecological function indexes,whichbased on soil properties,hydrological effect,community species diversity and carbon storage.The results of ecological function analysis followed a sequence of Platyclatdus orientalis×Fir-miana simplex>Platyclatdus orientalis×Liquidambar formosana>Platyclatdus orientalis>Pla-tyclatdus orientalis×Cotinus coggygria>Platyclatdus orientalis×Ligustrum lucidum>latyclatdusorientalis×Koelreuteria paniculata.Platyclatdus orientalis×Firmiana simplex and Platyclatdusorientalis×Liquidambar formosana have bettern adaptive capacity than Platyclatdusorientalis×Ligustrum lucidum and latyclatdus orientalis×Koelreuteria paniculata in limestonemountain.