City Event As Opportunity For The Transfomation Of Post-Industrial Area

During the past two hundred years, the economic development in America and European countries depended on industrial activity. The technological revolution makes social production into a stage of rapid growth, and provides motivation for the enlargement of industrial areas and urbanization, however, the degeneration of city industrial areas has become the common phenomenon in the worldwild since 1950 s, this consequently results in the colosure of a lot of factories and enterprises, leading to many problems including the increase of umemployment and environmental degradation. These issues become the big obstacles to transformation of the former industrial areas in cities and should be solved by the city planners.The present article focuses on the transformation of post-industrial area by holding city events.(1) On the basis of analyzing of relevant concept, the concepts of the urban postindustrial landscape, as well as its background and characteristics, are proposed and discussed. Meanwhile, the city events as a ”meditor” for transformation of post-industrial area are conceptulized, and their classification and characteristic are summarized;(2) Based on the three phases of the city event(preevent, event, and postevent) and three major perspectives(social, economic, and political aspects), the impact of holding city event on the postindustrial city is analyzed. With a comparative analysis of the two representative cases, we discussed different impacts on post-industrial cities by holding city event in European countries and China;(3) We summaried the goals of the post-industrial landscape transformation by case studies. and analyzed the realitionship between event location and the goals of the post-industrial landscape transformation;(4) The impact factors of city events, which may affect the planning and designing of the post-industrial landscape, are discussed, we proposed the design methods which not only meet the demand of temporal city event but also take into account the long-term development.(5) Finally, we discussed the highlights those methods shed on the post-industrial landscape in China.The main conclusions we obtained are as follows:(1) The city event can boost the transformation of post-industrial landscape. It provides a good opportunity for the city regeneration, and for regional redevelopment and construction, and affects the planning and designing of the post-industrial landscape.(2)The city event can promote the city regeneration during three phases: preevent, event, postevent. The redevelopment of the location during the postevent phase is vital for the sucess of the city event. The industrialization degree and the urbanization level can cause different influences on the industrial cities in developed and developing countries.(3) The goals of the transformation of post-industrial landscape by holding city event can be summaried as follows: residential site, commercial district and public open space. The goal of post-industrial landscape transformation can be affected by the location of the city event, location size, infrastructure species, and landscape features..(4) The theme, the population of users, the time and fund of the city event can effect the planning and designing of post-industrial landscape.To express the theme of the city event, the methods of planning and designing are stated as follows:(a) To retain the industrial relicts that can reflect the theme directly and effectively;(b) To combine the industrial relicts on site with the objects which have symbolic meanings to express the theme visually and are familar to people;(c) Based on the deep understanding of the spirit of place and the industrial history, to express the theme with new image, form and function through space alteration;(d) To express the theme implicitly by texture, dimension, colour, light andorganization of the new building and sculpture.To meet the demand of the high density and turnover of visitors during the event phase, the methods of planning and designing are stated as follows:(a) To design large scale openand semi open-space based on original conditions;(b) To form diversified and humanized landscape spatial form by reusing the colour, form, texture of the industrial relicts;(c) To build identically spatial architecture by reutlizing the old industrial layout and axis on site to guide users.The limited construction time and investment can affect the landscape ecological design, and the compromised method in design are described as follows:(a) To adjust the ratio of tree, the shrub and herbage during the event- and post-event phases, and to choose alien and great ornamental plants fordesign of the landscape;(b) Based on the investigation and evaluation of the pollutants on site, the corresponding technology and materials for soil pollutant disposal with the comprehensive consideration of envrinmental demand in short- and long-term should be choosen;(c) To re-utilize the rainwater by increasing its retention time and purify the polluted water by phytoremediation.(5) The main significances for the post-industrial landscape are:(a) the transformation of post-industrial landscape by holding city event is feasible based on the reality because there are many mega-events, and more and more derelict industrial lands will appear in the coming 10-15 years in China;(b) the transformation of post-industrial landscape is automatic and drived by economic purpose in the beginning. It is possible to propose a new way to transform the industrial land by combining city events with city plan based on its location characteristics;(c) there are some problems in design and planning of post industrial landscape in China, such as lacking of place spirit and criteria for indurtrial reservation and pollutant disposal, the method proposed in this study can be a solution to these problems to some extent.