Research On Distribution Characteristics Of Pollution Sources And Establishment Of Ecological Civilization Evaluation Index System Of Surface Coal Mines

Based on ecological civilization factors and the principle of reasonable advanced, comprehensive representative, result priority and the of advance leading, the ecological civilization evaluation index system of surface mine were established, which provided the evaluation method for ecological civilization construction level of surface mine. In the paper, four-level evaluation indexs were put forward, and the calculation formula is given. After combination the qualitative and quantitative analysis method, the comprehensive evaluation motheod for surface mine ecological civilization is built. Through the analysis of evaluation results and the key influencing factors, the solid, gas and liquid pollution and its management level is the important factors influencing the ecological civilization development level of surface mine. Based on the above reasons, it has studied the pollution law of solid, gas and liquid pollution source and governance policies respectively.The classification system for pollutants were establish by analysis the solid dust pollution of surface mine, the pollution sources, pollution transfer media and the audience as the three key factors were determined. With specific mine as an example, according to the theory of fluid mechanics and numerical simulation methods to analyze the pollutant migration law and the main influence area of solid dust pollution in the stope transfer with wind. The numerical simulation of the stope structure reveals the different wind direction and wind speed of the stope site, wind flow, air pressure, and wind speed transformation law. The surface structure mutation is the main reason for the wind structural modification. The outer dump, the stope face and the crest line receive the maximum wind pressure, and the location of slope top line with the largest wind speed. On the leeward side of stope within the scope of 500 m is negative pressure forming region, where is a pit circulation form area, and this range is belong to the mainly internal dust source pollution area. With the wind pressure decreases as distance extension, there will be a large particle pollution gathered together on the windward of stope slope, and the region belongs to pollution area of dump dust.The gas pollution sources in surface coal mine is mainly greenhouse gases produced by four aspects as fuel, explosives, dissipation and spontaneous combustion. The carbon footprint calculation methods for four kinds of pollution sources were established based on the chemical equation. With specific mine as an example, through the calculation of carbon emissions of different production and mining technology in surface mine, the semi-continuous process was determined as the minimum carbon emissions mining technology, and the measures to improve the state of surface mine greenhouse gases emissions were determined, such as improved fuel cleanliness and choose more low-carbon power sources, timely reclamation virescence and corresponding carbon tax policy, which have good control effect on gas pollution and greenhouse effect of surface mines.The liquid pollution in surface coal mine is is mainly caused by sulfide acid solution and the heavy metal liquid. Based on the theory of saturated and unsaturated seepage flow theory, the atmospheric precipitation infiltration law was analyzed. By means of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the fluid seepage law of specific mine was studied, and the seepage law of liquid pollutants and its influence on slope stability of Shanxin village surface mine in Mile mining area were revealed. In the process of infiltration, potential energy difference of infiltration decreased gradually as depth increases. Through analysis the data of 10 monitoring points at the top line and bottom line of slopes in Shanxin village surface mine stope, the pore water pressure of monitoring points’ trend to linear decrease as the time development, and the higher the monitoring point position is, the greater value of pore water pressure is. The head height of the development regularity of each monitoring sites are the same with the pore water pressure distribution law, and the seepage velocity and water conductivity of X direction is larger than Y direction. Slope foot position. The cumulative seepage flow volume at slope foot is the largest, which is the key position to the seepage and heavy metal collection. Based on the seepage law and influence area of liquid pollutants, it has provided the acid liquid governance and heavy metal collect scheme for Shanxin village surface mine, and has provided a powerful technical support for liquid and heavy metal pollution prevention and control at Shanxin village surface mine in Mile mining area.Through the evaluation of ecological civilization construction level of three large surface mining enterprises in China, the results show that the ecological civilization construction level of three mining companies also reached an intermedi ate level, and the Zhungeer Company has access to advanced stage. It has summarized the initial results of ecological civilization construction achieved by three surface mine. contrapose the dust pollution problems of surface coal mine in Zhungeer group, the greenhouse gas emissions problem of China coal company and the liquid pollution problem of Mile surface mining area to carry on the concrete analysis, and presents a practical and feasible measures to prevent and control pollution. It has provides good research thinking and practice experience for the surface mine ecological civilization construction and the development of our country.