Study Of Atmospheric-pressure Plasma-assisted Nanofabrication

Nanomaterials are widely used in many fields such as biomedical, catalysis, solar cells, various types of sensors and many other areas because of their unique properties. Even more, the preparation of nanoparticles can be traced back to mid- nineteenth century. In recent years, the method for the preparation of nanoparticles and nano-structured materials, including various types of pure chemical, electrochemical, plasma method, radiation method Etc., are in an endless stream. For nano- materials, as the application of nanomaterials in various fields has also been discovered by people, not only its various preparation methods attracted much attention of many researchers, but also the controll of size distribution, morphology and surface modification of nano- materials has become the focus of scientific research. With the generalization of nanomaterials applications and commercialization, we will gradually enter an era of nanometers.The first chapter, as a systematic introduction to the origin, development and research of nanomaterials, in terms of the origin, quantum properties, optical properties, preparation and application of nanomaterials. Since Faraday open the door to nano- materials preparation and research in the mid-nineteenth century, people discovered unique quantum properties of nano- materials, and the physical and chemical properties, which applied to various fields, caused by quantum properties make nanomaterials researchers gradually being concerned. Various preparation methods nanomaterials also become explore and research priorities of nano-science researchers. Since the methods of producing metal nanoparticles and carbon nanoparticles are obvious differences, we split the introduction of nano-fabrication to two sections to introduce. For applications of nanomaterials, there are hundreds of application examples, we briefly introduce it with several selected application fields.The second chapter and the third chapter describe the use of micro-plasma-assisted electrochemical process for the preparation of gold, silver nanoparticles. In our experiments, the subjective factors include the temperature of the solution, the reduction current, stirring factors, the concentration of reaction precursor, and stabilizer are considered to achieve the controlling of nanoparticle size, dispersion, uniformity. In the second chapter, Plasmonic effects and diffusion factor are used for simple theoretical explanation; In the third chapter, these subjective experimental conditions are converted to objective effects factors such as reaction rate, residence time and charge exclusive for further discussion, and give a proper explanation to the experimental results from the perspective of objective experimenta l factor. At the same time, we do comparison and discussion of the preparation of gold and silver, and point out the reasons of different effects for gold preparation and silver preparation with the same experimental parameters.The fourth chapter presents an effective and environment- friendly microplasma-assisted method for the synthesis of relatively size-uniform blue luminescent carbon dots(C-dots). By using microplasmas, the synthesis process is considerably sped up without the need for external heating or acid catalysts. Moreover, approximately 100 times less sodium hydroxide is required than in the chemical-only method reported previously, which greatly accelerated the synthesis of the quantum dots, thereby reducing the energy cost and the reaction time. It shows that the intense blue luminescence from the C-dots was due to the influence of ions/electrons from the microplasma, rather than incidental heating. Moreover, incorporating microplasma into the wet chemical-only approach resulted in different functional groups attached to the C-dots as well as smaller C-dots.The fifth chapter shows the using of Dielectric Barrier Discharge(DBD) plasma treatment method for industrial pure titanium surface activity modification and surface morphology modification. With comparative observation and analysis followed a series of experiments of implant and culture preosteoblast on different titanium surfaces, We know that commercially pure titanium treated by DBD significantly enhanced cell adhesion, spread, and proliferation of preosteoblast cells with no negative effects on cell differentiation compared with machined and polished titanium. This finding suggests that DBD-treated titanium has better cytocompatibility and may be useful for creating dental implant surfaces promoting accelerated bone formation. In addition, our study also suggested that surface micro- and nano- topographies of different materials, especially surface nanostructure, contribute to cell attachment, and proliferation, while microtopography of the substrate is mainly associated with cell differentiation and cell spread, which is mainly influenced by chemical/energetic properties of the surface. The study in this chapter, can be used as an example of nanomaterial applications in biomedical field.Summary and outlook section summarizes the author’s research results. Preparation, theoretical research and application of nanomaterials are prospected from the the aspects of establishment of nanoparticle size equation, nanoparticles productio n efficiency, carbon quantum dot formation mechanism, product analysis in carbon quantum dot preparation process, improvement of DBD treat titanium technology, ideas of "Pattern Etching" technology, Q uantum dots and carbon nano- grating interaction optical principles.