Study On The Control Synthesis And Capacitive Performance Of Porous Carbon Materials Via A Template Carbonization Method

This dissertation aims to investigate the control synthesis of nanoporous carbon materials as well as the application in supercapacitors, mainly due to the advantages of high specific surface area, large pore volume, tunable porous structure, high thermal conductivity, good mechanical stability and mass productivity. A series of nanoporous carbon materials have been achieved by a template carbonization method, using different carbon sources and templates. XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, Raman, XPS and BET techniques have been implemented to characterize these carbon products and their capacitive behaviors have been measured by three-electrode system and/or two-electrode system. The brief research contents are summarized as follows:1. A simple but efficient template carbonization method has been utilized for the production of highly nanoporous carbon by the reaction of potassium biphthalate with zinc, magnesium, or aluminum metal. The mass ratio and carbonization temperature are pivotal factors influencing the structures of the carbons.2. Nitrogen-doped porous carbons possessing high surface areas and large pore volumes have been prepared by directly heating the mixture of tartrazine and Ca(OAc)2·H2O at 800℃ especially without further physical or chemical activation, where Ca(OAc)2-H2O serves as the hard template to regulate the surface area and pore structures. High performance porous carbons for supercapacitors have been successfully prepared through a template carbonization process with the help of magnesium acetate, using zinc salicylate complex as carbon source. We demonstrate a rational template carbonization method to produce nitrogen-containing nanoporous carbons at 800 ℃, using 1,10-phenanthroline (or benzimidazole) as carbon/nitrogen source and magnesium citrate as template.3. High performance porous carbons as supercapacitor electrode materials have been prepared by a simple but efficient template carbonization process, in which commercially available terephthalic acid-zinc complex is used as carbon source.Porous carbons have been synthesized by a direct carbonization of potassium biphthalate without an activation process. The experimental results demonstrate that the carbonization temperature plays a crucial role in determining the surface area and pore structure as well as the correlative capacitive performance.4. High performance activated carbon for electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLC) has been prepared from cation exchange resin by carbonization and subsequent activation with KOH. We demonstrate a generalized ZnCl2 activation method to produce nitrogen-containing nanoporous carbon materials, using 4-(4-nitrophenylazo)resorcinol, sodium 5-[(4-nitrophenyl)azo]salicylate, and tartrazine as carbon/nitrogen sources.