| The number of accidents and deaths caused by drivage face of coal mining has been among the most serious of coal mine accidents in China, recently, coal mine accidents caused by drivage faces more than 3 people deaths accounted for more than 40%, and most of them are liability for accidents, therefore, it is very important to study the causes of drivage face’s accident and design solutions to reduce and control the coal mine accidents. At present, there’s a little domestic study on behavior causes of drivage face accident, relevant conclusions are also difficult to application for accident prevention.Based on the data of the case study, the use of the accident analysis tool, the 224 accidents’ unsafe act causess of drivage face from 1990 to 2014 were studied by using the accident analysis tools. Identifying the causes of all unsafe acts that caused accidents in drivage face of coal mining and classifying the unsafe acts according to different types of accidents, then based on the related theory of cognitive science to analyses the causes of unsafe acts, the application system for coal miners’ safety training of behavior control was designed by its characteristics and its effectiveness is analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The main accident types and samples of drivage face were obtained. The death number of accidents indrivage face presents the downward trend of fluctuation by statistics from 2010 to 2014 coal mining accidents of more than 3 people deaths, the deaths of drivage face accounted for 41.9% of the wholel number of deaths, accounting for 43.4% of the number of accidents in five years. With the deepening of the current coal mining, drivage face will remain the main assignment of possible accident site at current coal mine accident. At present, it is concluded that the main accident types of drivage face are gas explosion accident, coal and gas outburst accident, flood accident and roof accident based on literature research and accident analysis report, according to the 4 types of accidents to collect 224 accidents as the sample of the paper, including 85 of gas explosion accidents, 58 of flood accidents, 38 of roof accidents and 43 of oal and gas outburst accidents among them.(2)Studying on the relation and distinction between accident causation "2-4" model and HFACS, obtained each module definition of the "2-4" model, and selected the "2-4" model as the accident analysis tools. The results suggest that HFACS still exists some defects in hierarchical relationship, module definition, module content, universality of application, which has restricted the application of it to guide the accident analysis and prevention work and accident causation "2-4" model covers almost all the advantages of HFACS and improving its shortcomings. Systematization and strictness of the chain made it more effectively. Meanwhile, the characteristic of universality reflects all the generalities of the accident cause which are more conform to safety basic axioms.(3)The classification of unsafe acts and analysis method of unsafe act causes n actual accident analysis were obtained. Unsafe acts are divided into illegal operations,illegal command, illegal actions andlegal 4 categories by occurrence characteristics of unsafe acts; The analysis results consist of 9 parts such as the name of act,the detailed description of unsafe act,the type of illegal, it is proved that the application of the accident causation "2-4" model is very practical for analysing unsafe act by 4 different types of coal mine accident cases.(4) unsafe act of accident in coal mine heading face are studied and the following conclusions are obtained:1) Heading face in coal mine has 4 typical accident types which are illegal operations and illegal command through research.Illegal operation has 9 categories and illegal command has 7 categories by analysing gas explosion accidents(illegal explosion accounting for the whole frequency of the illegal operation of 43%) and the rectification period or illegal production(45%) are the most frequently appeared. Illegal operation and illegal command are 6 and 8 categories in the flood accident,ineffective drainage and rectification period or illegal production which accounted for 39% and 34% respectively are the most frequently appeared.Illegal operation and illegal command of roof accidents are all 7 categories,illegal support(37%) and illegal command production(36%) are the most frequently appeared.Illegal operation and illegal command are 6 and 8 categories in coal and gas outburst accident, working in the absence of the conflict zone(34%) and taking no measures to prevent coal and gas outburst(30.2%) are the most frequently appeared.2) Gas explosion accident of drivage face, flood accident and coal and gas outburst accident all have illegal explosion by analysing, got it’s distribution characteristics of unsafe acts.In the ten of blasting process,check blasting place environment and blasting hole, sealing hole and blasting three processesof illegal explosion have the most unsafe acts in gas explosion accidents,accounting for the whole frequency of the illegal explosion of 90.6%,gas concentration in blasting place is unknown before blasting charge and blasting(the blasting operation failed "three inspections"),not strictly sealed(Incompletely lute and unused water stemming) and blasting operations place without wind were the highest occurrence frequency in the three working procedure,occured 35, 40 and 16 respectively;Floods and coal and gas outburst accidents are mainly focused on blasting site environment and blasting hole working procedure,the acts of illegal operation is mainly in the clear working face and the blasting construction in the face of no outburst work. So the blasting operation of these 3 processes and 5 kinds of unsafe acts should be the coal mine workers to focus on prevention and control in the excavation process of drivage face.3) Distribution characteristic of specific illegal operational acts based on 4 kinds of accident type has been revealed. There are 47 kindsof gas explosion accidents, the easiest to happen are as follows: ignore the gas density of blasting site before filling or blasting(35 times),miss checking the gas densityof workface before working(31 times), fail to seal the hole strictly(51 times), all of the three above take up 36.3%; there are 24 kinds of flooding accidents, the easiest to happen are: work near the permeable area or don’t formulate and implementwater detection and water releasemeasures(34 times), haven’s find out the hydrogeololgy conditions of the driving workface(14 times), and the number, depth and angle of detective hole don’t meet regulations when implementing water detection and water releasemeasures(12 times), take up 60.3%; there are 21 kinds of roof accidents, the easiest to happen are: implementmining activity when the roof of driving workface is not protected(13 times),illegally support or adjust supporting methods(13 times), don’t support immediately(9 times), all these take up 47.9%; there are 20 kinds of specific illegal operational acts in coal and gas outburst accident, the easiest to happen are: implement blasting extraction process before outburst elimination(17 times), don’t arrange drilling for outburst control and check(8 times), drilling on the workface with outburst premonition(7 times), all of the above take up 43.8%.4) From the point of view of the common accident unsafe action reasons, research of 4 kinds of accidents, illegal command unsafe act had a period of consolidation or illegal production and illegal production of 2 class action, and illegal command in the accounted for a higher proportion of. Accounted for 56% of the gas explosion accident, flood and roof accidents account for 50%, accounted for 33.3% of the accidents of coal and gas outburst, tunneling working face accident almost half of all involved, reflecting the various accidents illegal command common and multiple. At the same time, the study found a gas explosion and the operation more than illegal command of roof accidents frequency, and illegal command in flood accident and coal and gas outburst accident occurrence frequency are of more than peccancy operation, illustrates the main effects of 4 kinds of accident result in different, in the implementation of the different types of accident prevention training emphasis is different.(5)Unsafe acts are studied from cognitive perspective, and a new behavior controlling method is put forward to prevent coal mining accidents which called ―knowledge control‖.The new method came up based on the application condition of coal mine site.The study figured out the failure mechanism of human’s ―cognitive-behavior‖ and the constitution of cognitive procedure.The main reason of invalid is that actor has limited safety knowledge, while obstruct the improvement of safety awareness.Accident cases are defined to be the most practical carrier when using ―knowledge control‖.The contents of knowledge carrier has eight aspects which contain unsafe acts and unsafe state.(6)Applying patterns of coal mining ―knowledge control‖ and coal mining behavior-control training system are designed. Unsafe acts database,individual case display,statistics module,system function module are determined as the composition structure of the system on the base of ―2-4‖ model. Using ―knowledge control‖ theory must comply the principles of basing on accident cases and focusing on displaying unsafe acts. Enterprise can use accident prevention demand analysis,accident cases collecting and statistics, cases displaying carrier,individual case as basic ways when using ―knowledge control‖. It also prove the feasibility of ―2-4‖model.(7)Behavior-control training system for coal mine heading face accident prevention has been developed which contains 224 heading face accidents’ unsafe acts analysis.The research designs five parts to display a case including simple description, reason analysis charts, prevention analysis charts, key pictures, simulation video. The simulation video is designed based on the ―2-4‖model. Statistical variables of accident cases analysis have 15 kinds which include accident level statistics and time statistics.Training system can show very intensive safety knowledge, and it has been proved to be effective and practical of reducing unsafe acts. |
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